“Volunteers,” by which we mean prisoners, were deprived of nutrients and then given the bare minimum they needed to be restored to health.

My Tuesday question from student readers of NYU’s Washington Square News:

Question: how can we determine our individual caloric, vitamin, carbohydrates, fats and other intake requirements per day based on our own individual weight, height and lifestyle?

Answer: You can’t. You will have to be satisfied with estimates based on measurements performed years ago on a small number of study subjects.

We require calories and nutrients — 40 to 50 separate substances that our bodies cannot make, we must get from food. because these interact, studying one at a time gives results that may well be misleading.

Early nutrition scientists got “volunteers”– in quotes because study subjects often were prisoners — to consume diets depleted in vitamin C, for example. They waited until the subjects began to develop scurvy, a sign of vitamin C deficiency. Then they fed the subjects the smallest amount of vitamin C that would eliminate symptoms.

Because individuals vary in nutrient requirements, scientists used this data to estimate the range of nutrient intake that would meet the needs of practically everyone.

The Institute of Medicine compiles such data into Dietary Reference Intakes and presents the estimates by sex and age group. You can look up your requirements in DRI tables. DRIs account for the needs of 98 percent of the population. If your requirements are average, you will need less.

Few American adults show signs of nutrient deficiencies, but if you are worried about your own intake of nutrients, you can take a multivitamin supplement. Note, however, that we have no evidence to show supplements make healthy people healthier.

You can estimate calories by looking up everything you eat or drink in food composition tables, but it is easier to weigh yourself at regular intervals. If you are gaining weight, you are eating too many calories for your activity level.

With nutrition, it’s best to get comfortable with estimates and probabilities.

Fortunately, eating a healthy diet takes care of nutrients without your having to give them a thought. Eat your veggies!

A version of this article appeared in the Tuesday, may 1 print edition. Marion Nestle is a contributing columnist. Email her questions at dining@nyunews.com.

This post originally appeared on Food Politics, an Atlantic partner site.

Thursday, February 3rd, 2011 By Marwa Farag

“This chair has nostalgic value,” Alexander Atallah ’14 said, nestling himself on a nondescript canvas chair in an equally nondescript freshman dorm room. “It’s where we came up with our business plan.”

Atallah and Bryant Tan ’14 fit the Stanford student template to a T. Intelligent and entrepreneurial, the two bonded over a mutual love for Physics 61, eventually partnering up to create a social networking website for dorms.

The site, Dormlink, allows students to connect with others within their dorm or house on campus. Its features include the Corkboard, where students can post messages and pictures, the Stuff page, where students can catalog items that they are willing to lend or sell, and the Classes page, where students can find others in the dorm taking the same classes.

Students can also integrate Google calendars on the site, like and unlike posts, sort content by popularity, create “profile pages” for their rooms and create projects of their own that others can collaborate on.

The idea for the cross between Facebook, Craigslist, Google Docs, Courserank and dorm mailing lists came from a casual comment in Atallah’s dorm.

“Someone said we should make a Dormbook, a Facebook just for dorms,” Atallah said. he then approached Tan, who he had met while working on Stanford’s Solar Car Project.

Tan, an international student from London who also photographs for The Daily, had worked for a small software company called Firefly in the UK. The company worked on content management systems, sites where users can create content and control what they see without needing technical knowledge.

“He told me about Firefly, and because the idea for Dormbook was essentially to make a content management system, I was like ‘Oh that’s convenient!’” Atallah said.

They later realized that Facebook could sue them for the name “Dormbook” if they were ever to make profits and instead decided on “Dormlink.” So far, the website has only been released to two all-frosh dorms in Wilbur Hall, Cedro and Otero. But despite its limited release, the site has experienced early popularity.

“In the first 24 hours we had about 2,000 hits,” Tan said. “Now we have 113 users.”

While they have ambitions to expand across the Stanford campus, to other colleges and eventually even overseas, their current plan is to release the website to more dorms slowly, through live demos in dorm meetings.

Atallah, The Daily’s Web editor, found his passion for programming after taking on a challenge to design a website for a children’s museum in his hometown in Colorado. he had wanted to go to debate camp but didn’t have the cash, so instead, decided to design the site.

He went on to create applications and programs to “help out companies” that he liked. an internship at a firm in Washington, D.C. last summer also led Atallah to build a map application that showed all the businesses in the U.S. importing goods under a trading preference program. The same application was later used in lobbying the Senate Finance Commission.

“The amazing thing about CS is that you can create cool tools that help others at no cost to you, except time,” he said.

Indeed, the only cost Atallah and Tan have incurred so far is printing. Even Atallah’s laptop, which hosts the website, is held open by a granola bar to prevent it from falling asleep.

“There are programs that prevent Macs from falling asleep,” Atallah clarified.

“But the granola bar is better,” Tan said, citing its cost-effectiveness in comparison to purchased software.

Like Atallah, Tan has extensive programming experience–he began programming at age 13.

“I found tutorials online and found code examples and kind of worked it out,” he explained.

“We can pretty much put on our business plan that Bryant [Tan] can code and do physics faster than any of your people can,” Atallah joked, likening Tan to Facebook’s creator, Mark Zuckerberg–“but faster.”

Tan first started creating “dynamic websites” when a friend asked him to make a site related to football.

“But by football I mean soccer, not egghand,” he laughed, poking his British humor at American football. “Or handegg, rather.”

The pair balances each other out well. Atallah comes from a strong debate and youth-in-government background and is considering a degree in economics, physics, computer science or symbolic systems. Tan, who completed A-Levels–similar to Advanced Placement courses in the U.S.–in the UK and was the top scorer in the country in Physics, did not take a single humanities course in his last two years of high school. he is considering electrical engineering and computer science.

“They seem to work really well together,” said Professor Cliff Nass, who they consulted about launching a start-up. “What you really want to see from a venture capitalist point of view is passion, and those guys have that…They’re both passionate about solving a problem that they have perceived.”

The problem, according to Tan, is that they “want dorms to be able to share things that matter to them in a more private environment than Facebook can allow.”

Tailoring their site exclusively to such a niche group of users gives them a unique advantage over larger companies, they believe.

Atallah and Tan see numerous potential uses for their site, including holding dorm elections online or sharing photos over vacations–all privately.

“My dorm is using it to figure out what kind of music everyone likes,” Atallah said about the “Projects” feature.

The underlying premise is that, contrary to the global behemoth that Facebook has grown into, the site is limited to a smaller, more intimate community that values privacy. this allows for freer expression and an increased willingness to engage in commercial transactions via the Stuff feature.

The enterprising freshmen are continually thinking of new additions for Dormlink, including an interactive map feature on which people can tag places of interest, and a “Whiteboard” feature that would operate like Microsoft Paint, where students can practice “Social Doodling” on each other’s virtual rooms–similar to writing on an actual whiteboard outside one’s dorm room.

Atallah and Tan do recognize, however, that their ambitious start-up faces significant hurdles.

“We recognize that something like 95 percent of start ups fail,” Tan said.

“If people don’t end up using it very much, this will have been a fun side project,” Atallah added.

And if they happen to end up in the 5 percent of start-ups that do succeed, Tan and Atallah will not be the only beneficiaries–Tan’s roommate, Kevin Hurlbutt ’14, has a stake in the matter too.

Looking up from his laptop, he announced, “I’m going to sell that chair for so much money.”

I am often amazed at how many parents come into the clinic with misinformation about colds and the flu. Parents are inundated with caretaking advice, much of it from unreliable Internet sites and old wives’ tales.

As we head into the sickliest time of the year, I think it’s important to educate parents about flu “facts” versus “fiction.” For the purposes of this article, flu refers specifically to an illness caused by the influenza virus. Flu symptoms can sometimes be caused by other viruses. your doctor can test for the presence of influenza with a nasal swab.

The flu is most contagious during the fall and winter months.

FACT: Flu season typically begins in November and runs through March. it is contracted when tiny droplets enter the respiratory system from coughs or sneezes, or by touching something with the virus and then touching the mouth, nose or eyes.

Children who received the flu shot last year need to get the vaccine again this year.

FACT: A flu shot can reduce the chance of contracting the influenza virus, commonly known as the flu, by up to 70 percent and is the only proven method to prevent contracting the virus. the Centers for Disease Control recommends all children ages 6 months and older receive a flu shot this year, including those who were vaccinated last year. because babies younger than 6 months old cannot receive the vaccination, it is especially important for their caregivers to be vaccinated. Babies are at a higher risk of complications from the flu, including dehydration, pneumonia and death.

The flu vaccine can cause a child to contract the virus.

FICTION: the viruses used in the vaccination are inactivated and actually help fortify the immune system against the virus. there are different components of the flu and flu vaccine every year, so it is important to get your vaccination yearly.

The flu vaccine can cause a child to develop autism.

FICTION: The myth linking vaccinations to autism has been disproven, yet it rages on in online blogs and urban legend. the myth comes from a fraudulent study, which has been refuted by the medical community, conducted in Great Britain in the 1990s.

Catching the flu is the same thing as having a cold.

FICTION: cold and flu can share some of the same symptoms, including coughing, sore throat, vomiting and headaches. Parents should look for three distinctive symptoms to determine if a child has the flu: body aches, fatigue and fever, chills and dizziness.

“Preventative” over-the-counter products can help prevent the flu.

FICTION: Contrary to popular belief, over-the-counter products, such as Airborne or Zycam, do not prevent or cure the flu virus. Don’t waste your money on these products, but instead, invest in hand sanitizer and wet wipes to carry with you to stay clean and germ-free.

Vitamin C can prevent or cure the common cold and flu.

FICTION: the myth that vitamin C helps prevent or cure illness traces back to the time when scurvy outbreaks were common on ships. Scurvy is a disease resulting from a vitamin C deficiency, which was a frequent occurrence for sailors who were at sea for months at a time and did not have access to fresh produce. Once sailors returned to shore and consumed fruits rich in vitamin C, they would begin to feel much better. This lends to today’s misconception that high doses of vitamin C will somehow ward off cold or flu. there is no truth to this at all, unfortunately.

Chicken noodle soup can make a sick child feel better.

FACT: While the soup itself has no medicinal value, the warmth and comfort of chicken soup does have some recovery benefits. Providing children (and adults) with extra care and affection is a very important factor for relaxation and wellness. This “soft-touch component” is essential to helping them feel better and regain their strength. the warm broth also soothes a sore throat and promotes a runny nose, which helps the gross mucus drain out of the body instead of into it.

Finally, this flu facts-versus-fiction list ends with a note about children’s cold medicine. there is a lot of confusion concerning what, if any, cold medicines can be used to treat children.

The only over-the-counter medicines children under the age of 4 should be given are acetaminophen and ibuprofen to reduce fever and pain. always follow manufacturer guidelines regarding dosage and age restrictions. Giving medicine to a child who is too young may result in poisoning and a trip to the emergency room.

If a child is feverish and unable to stop crying, we recommend a quick call to your primary care pediatrician. If it is after normal business hours, visit Good Night Pediatrics and see our overnight pediatrician.

Dr. Sandy Kalm is a pediatrician with Good Night Pediatrics, the Valley’s only overnight pediatric urgent care. Good Night Pediatrics is open every night of the year, including holidays, from 5 p.m. to 5 a.m. the clinic is located at 2651 N. Green Valley Parkway, Suite 101D in Henderson, 939-6800.

Over the last two months, I've had so many problems. it started with my recurring colds. I get a cold once a month, and it generally gives off the symptoms of chronic sinusitis (entire left side of head is in pain – teeth, ear, eye pressure, runny nose, etc). Doc says I do not have sinusitis, but prescribed me flonase anyway.

Then came on blepharitis, with occasional flareups. took me 8 weeks to rid myself of it after doing the treatment every single day.
Then comes on the urinary tract infection, which is not responding to antibiotics.
Then comes on another sinus infection.

Right now, I have 4 things – Sinusitis, Blepharitis, a UTI, and a stomach flu.

What the hell is causing this? do I have the scurvy? I spend all of my time indoors, so could it be vitamin d deficiency?

If you did not have your blood levels checked lately, I would advise you to.

You may have a more generalized condition that makes you more susceptible to the ailments you listed. for one reason or another, you may have a weakened immune system. You should try doing things that will bolster your immune system, like adding more vitamin C to your diet for example. Talk to your doctor and ask him what are some other things you can do to strengthen your ability to fight off these infections.

You need jesus

You do need to make sure you're taking multivitamins every day, and lots of folic acid too, about 1600mg a day. at the moment, you're body is very weak.

Gunshots, popping like copper-jacketed kernels in the air, dark puddles of congealing blood on city streets, bullet-scarred buildings, cars and bodies. Bagdad, Kabul, Mogadishu, you may be thinking. think again; this place is less exotic, but increasingly as dangerous — inner city, U.S.a.

What affliction is causing the inner-city streets of America to become festering sores, oozing with violence? I could qualify as an expert witness to such violence, having sacrificed a good deal of my own blood on the altar of a city sidewalk as a police officer. Some would blame poverty, easier access to guns, lack of opportunity, all of the above and more.

Those are certainly legitimate problems. but hasn’t poverty always existed? And if you believe Jesus, who said: “You will always have the poor among you,” it always will. I grew up in the housing projects of 30-odd years ago, yet I can’t recall a single incident of gun violence.

True enough, guns are more accessible nowadays. however, it takes a certain mindset to pull the trigger while pointing one at another human being. so how did these young people, responsible for so much of the violence, get to that mindset?

Lack of opportunity is definitely a problem, and the high dropout and teenage pregnancy rates in our inner cities surely intensifies that lack. nevertheless, people don’t shoot and kill each other because they can’t find a job.

Each time the latest round of inner city violence committed by young people is reported, the question I keep coming back to is — where are the parents?

America’s inner cities are suffering from a deficiency that is causing a social scurvy, and the nutrient so sorely lacking is positive parental guidance. the deficiency has been generations in the making, and it is steadily getting worse.

What’s causing this deficiency? Is it a lack of parenting skills? or is it just plain, old-fashioned laziness, indifference and irresponsibility, that leave the task of parenting to teachers, social workers, juvenile probation officers and, sadly, the streets? Very often, many of these same parents will blame everyone and everything but themselves when their kids do get into trouble.

As the father of three, I don’t recall ever having taken a class on parenting, but I instinctively knew that letting my kids run the streets wasn’t in their best interest, and I made a point of knowing where they were and what they were doing.

Is there a cure for this social scurvy? a treatment for this deficiency of parental guidance? a proverbial fruit that can be added to society’s diet to lessen the symptoms? If so, it doesn’t grow in the groves of government programs and assistance. the seeds need to be planted and nurtured in the homes.

Perhaps if parents are made accountable for their children, the children will be made accountable to their parents. When a kid is charged with a crime of violence, bring the parent or parents into court and ask why. Adopt a zero-tolerance policy if a parent is receiving government assistance of any kind. If one of their kids is convicted of a violent crime, they automatically lose the assistance.

The Erie Housing Authority has implemented a similar policy by evicting tenants if they or anyone living in their apartment is involved in criminal activity. this zero-tolerance policy has had great success curbing crime in the housing projects.

These actions may be a bitter pulp for some to swallow, but the time has come for drastic treatment, and if it has to be force-fed — so be it.

TERRY DAWLEY is a bail agent, a retired Erie police officer and a veteran of the U.S. Navy.

Your whole body needs a great number of nutrients every single day to be able to remain healthy. Keeping a proper diet is certainly the best way to get the nutrients you require. Food items that are high in vitamin-c include things like: citrus fruits, green peppers, other green vegetables, strawberries, milk products, tomato fruits, spuds, broccoli, sea food and there are others. in case you are concerned that you are not getting an adequate amount of vitamin-c from your diet, then it can be wise to seek advice from your family medical doctor regarding this. a medical professional could advise you to take a regular dietary supplement to make certain that your system gets a good enough daily supply.

Some of these 13 nutritional vitamin supplements have the capacity to be put away by the body since they’re fat soluble. right now vitamin c is water soluble so it is not stored within. For this reason, you will need to ingest it by some means, each and every day. Because it safeguards the structures within your body, it’ll as a consequence slow up the aging process. People who are severely lacking in vitamin c can end up getting a disorder called scurvy. At this point scurvy is very unheard of in this time period nevertheless it still does once in a while happen. a lot of the signs and symptoms of scurvy are usually gum problems, frequent bleeding, general weakness as well as anemia.

It’s uncommon, though, to overdose on vitamin-c since it is water soluble and thus will most likely be excreted through the system if not required. It may also block out vitamin B12 absorption which will result in anemia. Normally, you’ll get adequate vitamin-c and therefore the vitamin-c health benefits from your diet, particularly if the diet plan is healthy and balanced. Make sure that you scrutinize the labels of the numerous brands, prior to purchasing. Because vitamins are categorized as foods rather than drugs, there is no federal government legislation with respect to the quality of the manufacture. For that reason, there may be a wide array of effectiveness regarding the various brands.

Jen has been within the industry of vitamin c supplements investigation for some time plus keeps a web-site about vitamin c benefits where you could get hold of solutions to the rest of your concerns

Otherwise known as L-ascorbic acid or L-ascorbate, vitamin C is an essential nutrient and antioxidant. it protects the body against oxidative stress and plays a vital role in at least eight enzymatic reactions. These reactions include collagen synthesis reactions, which if missing, are capable of causing the most severe symptoms of scurvy.

Vitamin C is essential for many metabolic reactions in the body. Deficiency is detrimental to the function of the immune system but, contrary to popular belief, is not thought capable of reducing the duration or severity of the common cold in the general population. However, research has suggested that regular vitamin C intake can reduce the frequency of the common cold in an individual, and three further research analyses have shown that the duration of a common cold can be reduced by regular vitamin C intake by 8% for adults and 14% for children. Vitamin C is also a natural antihistamine. A study conducted in 1992 over a one week period found that taking 2 grams of vitamin C per day lowered blood histamine levels by 38 percent in healthy adults.

Suggested RDI varies from 45 to 95 mg/day, but is often ignored and thought outdated. This is because recommended mega-doses go well beyond that figure and recommend between 200mg-2000mg per day. This modern day approach to vitamin C concentrates on the fact that like other primates, humans cannot synthesize their own vitamin C and therefore require an intake parallel to that of their biological cousins. Modern high dosage can also be attributed to a holistic belief that the antioxidant properties of Vitamin C are capable of reducing illness, and therefore vitamin C should be considered a complimentary therapy to modern medicine.

Vitamin C is low in toxicity and therefore humans aren’t likely to accidently overdose. it would take a 150 pound human to consume 1.8 pounds of vitamin C to cause death.

we just got a young guinea pig who seems to have the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency. Not active, seems to hop around, hind legs seem sore, squeaks when brushed or rubbed upwards instead of down. will his joints, and skin get better when his vit. C is back on track? also should I give him as much as possible to try to catch up or just go from here with a normal cavi diet?
Hopefully he can be nursed back to health
We love you Howie Dewitt!! You're the cutest little squeaker ever!!
Get Well Soon!!

Yes, if you give him the right medications then it is possible for him to get back to health. Give him lots and lots of oranges (no peel) and play with him. Hope I helped!

I recommend you take Howie to the small animal and exotics vet. a vet could better diagnose the problem.

Don't assume that every guinea pig malady is scurvy.

If you can't afford or find a vet that knows guinea pigs, I would thoroughly read this website:
guinealynx.info/index.html

If is it indeed scurvy, I would get a syringe (no needle of course) and feed him liquid vitamin C (ascorbic acid) like you would with a baby bottle.

Quoted from guinea lynx:
If my guinea pig has scurvy, how long will it take to get better?
Recovery from deficiency usually requires a week of treatment.
Give 50mg/kg once a day or
Give 25mg/kg twice a day

He could even have symptoms for something else… as it does sound exactly like one of my old boars had and died from last year at only 5 months of age, and we don't really know what was wrong with him, although have suspected it to have been mange mites. Sam had very bad skin, fur loss, wasn't able to be held properly because he'd literally scream as though he was in agony whenever you'd touch him, and couldn't walk/run well on his back legs, and yes seemed to hop too. In this case please take him to a reputable guinea-pig vet to have his skin tested and possibly an injection to get some vitamins etc inside him.

I hope its not what my Sam had because he ended up dying after an evening of seizures in my arms and I wouldn't wish that upon anyone to have to go through.

Vitamin deficiency symptoms

First important. The body only absorbs five pc of vitamins from tablets or pills the rest is flushed down the toilet. Find out how you can absorb 98%. look at the bottom of the current page.

In our bodies there’s a certain balance that actually must be accomplished from the vitamins and the nutriments. this balance of nutrients and vitamins is maintained through the food stuffs and additions that we consume and participatory factors of our ways of life. A change in the physiology of the body that results in one vitamin becoming deficient can have damaging effects on the remainder of the body and thus it’s vital to maintain a sensible diet and use additions if needed to maintain the balance of vitamins through the body.

Vitamin deficiency symptoms. how vitamin deficiency Affect Our Health? there are lots of kinds of medical issues that originate from vitamin deficiencies including Vitamin D deficiencies that can cause high blood pressure and heart Problems, Vitamin E inadequacies that can cause conditions having an impact on the gallbladder and billiard channels maybe a general vitamin deficiency, referred to as scurvy that may cause overall poor health.

Vitamin deficiency symptoms. distress is among the number 1 factors behind vitamin inadequacies as folks suffering don’t have access to good food that contain the essential vitamins or water in the diet wished to maintain correct hydration thru the body.

Vitamin deficiency symptoms.

Q : are there blood tests which will create which nutrient elements my body could be lacking?

Vitamin deficiency symptoms. A : such blood tests are generally utilized in alternative medication circles. Some of the analyses look for nutritive inadequacies, but those are not typically found in our country, so your results will be ordinary. Other tests allegedly tell you whether you fall short on “ideal” nutrient levels, but they haven’t been well licensed and might be fooling since we do not even understand what ideal blood levels are or how they vary.I’d suggest the standard tests any internist would order, including measuring blood cell counts, glucose, cholesterol, major electrolytes, and both liver and kidney function. if everything is standard, you may probably gain small by further testing. instead, target a rigorously balanced, healthful diet, and as an insurance plan, take a multi-vitamin. I also suggest fish oil capsules, which contain omega-3 trans acids. of note, while many people are comparatively vitamin deprivation symptoms in omega-3s, this isn’t certain to turn up on a blood test the extremely point I’m making.

Alivemax allows your body to absorb 98% of vitamins plus is probably one of the best top 10 network marketing companies (so you can make part time or full time money) and has the best products I’ve seen on the internet. Have a look at Alivemax.The original article Vitamin deficiency symptoms is here.

First Vital. The body only soaks up 5% of vitamins from pills or pills the rest is flushed down the toilet. Learn how you can absorb 98%. Look at the bottom of the current page.

In our bodies there is a certain balance that really must be attained from the vitamins and the nutriments. this balance of vitamins and nutrients is maintained through the food stuffs and additions that we consume and participatory factors of our ways of life. A change in the physiology of the body that results in one vitamin becoming deficient can have damaging effects on the remainder of the body and therefore it’s vital to maintain a sensible diet and use additions if necessary to maintain the balance of vitamins thru the body.

Vitamin deficiency symptoms. How vitamin shortfall Affect Our Health? there are a lot of types of health problems that originate from vitamin deficiencies including Vitamin D deficiencies that can cause raised blood pressure and heart issues, Vitamin E inadequacies that can end up in conditions having a result on the gallbladder and billiard channels maybe a general vitamin insufficiency, known as scurvy that may cause overall poor health.

Vitamin deficiency symptoms. Misery is among the number 1 factors behind vitamin deficiencies as folks suffering don’t have accessibility to healthy food that contain the irreplaceable vitamins or water in the diet wanted to maintain correct hydration through the body.

Vitamin deficiency symptoms.

Q : Are there blood tests that may establish which nutrient elements my body might be lacking?

Vitamin deficiency symptoms. A : such blood tests are usually made use of in alternative medicine circles. Some of the analyses look for nutritive inadequacies, but those are not common in our country, so your results are certain to be standard. other tests allegedly tell you whether you fall short on “ideal” nutrient levels, but they haven’t been well licensed and might be tricking since we don’t even understand what ideal blood levels are or how they alter. I’d suggest the standard tests any internist would order, including measuring blood cell counts, glucose, cholesterol, major electrolytes, and both liver and kidney function. If everything is standard, you’ll probably gain tiny by further testing. Instead, target a rigorously balanced, sensible diet, and as an insurance plan, take a multi-vitamin. I also suggest fish oil capsules, which contain omega-3 trans acids. of note, while many people are comparatively vitamin problem symptoms in omega-3s, this isn’t likely to turn up on a blood test the awfully point I am making.

Alivemax allows your body to absorb 98% of vitamins plus is probably one of the best top 10 network marketing companies (so you can make part time or full time money) and has the best products I’ve seen on the internet. have a look at Alivemax. The original article Vitamin deficiency symptoms is here.

Lovin’ It Tags: a, b, c, d, supplements, vit, vitamin, vitamina, vitamins