Early esophageal cancer may not cause symptoms. as the cancer grows, the most common symptoms are:
- Food gets stuck in the esophagus, and food may come back up
- Pain when swallowing
- Pain in the chest or back
- Weight loss
- Heartburn
A hoarse voice or cough that doesn’t go away within 2 weeksThese symptoms may be caused by esophageal cancer or other health problems. if you have any of these symptoms, you should tell your doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Diagnosis
If you have a symptom that suggests esophageal cancer, your doctor must find out whether it’s really due to cancer or to some other cause. the doctor gives you a physical exam and asks about your personal and family health history. you may have blood tests. you also may have:
Barium swallow: after you drink a barium solution, you have x-rays taken of your esophagus and stomach. the barium solution makes your esophagus show up more clearly on the x-rays. this test is also called an upper GI series.
Endoscopy: the doctor uses a thin, lighted tube (endoscope) to look down your esophagus. the doctor first numbs your throat with an anesthetic spray, and you may also receive medicine to help you relax. the tube is passed through your mouth or nose to the esophagus. the doctor may also call this procedure upper endoscopy, EGD, or esophagoscopy.
Biopsy: Usually, cancer begins in the inner layer of the esophagus. the doctor uses an endoscope to remove tissue from the esophagus. a pathologist checks the tissue under a microscope for cancer cells. a biopsy is the only sure way to know if cancer cells are present.