For patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH), inflammation of the liver can result in a multitude of symptoms, including jaundice, fluid accumulation in the abdomen and hepatic encephalopathy — impaired brain function leading to irritability, tremors and confusion.

For some patients, it can lead to an irreversible coma and death.

“There is no standard treatment for patients suffering from end stage liver disease,” says Tiffany Kaiser, PharmD, research assistant professor of digestive diseases at UC. “Rather, the focus of medical therapy is to treat the associated impairments, for example, jaundice. Liver transplantation is the only cure. However, the demand for organs greatly outweighs the supply and patients with AAH are ineligible due to current and/or recent alcohol consumption.”

AAH patients can progress to liver failure or develop acute kidney failure from their liver disease. But a new device being studied at the University of Cincinnati (UC) could provide patients with a longer window of time in which to recover, complete an alcohol rehabilitation program and, for some, provide the potential for a liver transplant.

The ELAD bioartificial liver support system is being studied at UC and approximately 40 other centers in the United States, Middle East and Europe as part of a clinical trial sponsored by Vital Therapies, Inc., makers of the ELAD.

Maria Hernandez, MD, principal investigator and assistant professor of clinical medicine at UC, says the randomized trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the ELAD, a system designed to serve as temporary liver support.

“The aim of this study is to evaluate ELAD’s ability to improve liver function and reverse the related impairments of AAH,” says Hernandez.

The ELAD is a bedside system, made up of chambered cartridges containing human liver cells populated from a cell line designed specifically for it. The cells function similar to a normal liver, processing toxins in the blood and synthesizing proteins and metabolites. The plasma is then remixed with the blood and returned to the patient.

Patients in the trial will be randomized—half receiving standard medical therapy plus treatment with the ELAD and half receiving standard medical therapy alone. The device is not kept on site and will be sent to researchers once a patient is enrolled in the trial.

Patients treated with the ELAD will stay on the machine continuously for three days before researchers re-evaluate their progress.

“We’re not using this for long-term therapy,” says Hernandez. “For recovery, patients with AAH must stop drinking alcohol. But we’re trying to see if the ELAD will help with survival rates for AAH patients, if it will give these patients a chance to get to transplantation.”

Amit Tevar, MD, director of the liver transplantation program at UC Health University Hospital, says that with liver transplantation suffering from an “ever-present” organ shortage, the ELAD trial represents “a very important modality in helping the right patients get the right organs, allowing patients to recover from their alcohol abuse and get a transplant in the future.”

Provided by University of Cincinnati (news : web)

Symptoms & Signs

Common symptoms of nephritic syndrome are:

* Swelling of the face, eye socket, legs, arms, hands, feet, abdomen, or other areas* Blood in the urine (urine appears dark, tea colored, or cloudy)* Decreased urine volume (little or no urine may be produced)

Other symptoms that may occur include:

* Blurred vision* General aches and pains (joint pain, muscle aches)* General ill feeling (malaise)* Headache* Slow, sluggish, lethargic movement* Cough containing mucus or pink, frothy material* Decreased alertness, drowsiness, confusion

Patients may develop symptoms of acute kidney failure or end-stage kidney disease.

Diagnosis & Tests

During an examination, your health care provider may find the following signs:

* High blood pressure* Signs of fluid overload (when examining the abdomen)* Enlarged liver* Abnormal heart and lung sounds* Enlarged neck veins from increased pressure* General swelling* Signs of acute kidney failure

Tests that may be done include:

* BUN* Creatinine* Creatinine clearance* Urinalysis* Urine appearance and color* Potassium test* Protein in the urine

A kidney biopsy will reveal inflammation of the glomeruli, which may indicate the cause.

Tests to determine the cause of acute nephritic syndrome may include:

* ANA titer (lupus)* ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody for vasculitis)* Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody* Blood culture* Culture of the throat or skin* Serum complement (C3 and C4)

Review Date : 8/12/2009Reviewed by : Parul Patel, MD, Private practice specializing in Nephrology and Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, a.D.a.M., inc.The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. a licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only — they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2010 a.D.a.M., inc. any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. Tags: Acute pancreatitis Diagnosis, Acute pancreatitis Diagnosis & Tests, Acute pancreatitis Signs, Acute pancreatitis Symptoms.