A common reaction when exposed to an allergen is to have a rash of break. These symptoms of skin allergy are almost always the result of an allergic reaction so if you can treat allergy can prevent discomfort. in fact, there are a few different types of eruptions that can arise if you have an allergic reaction. Knowing the difference can help you determine what is causing the reaction.

The most common symptom of skin allergy is eczema, which is a red rash is often accompanied by scaling or oozing skin. Eczema is actually a skin condition that comes and goes with outbreaks often caused by an allergic reaction rather than an allergy itself. most people with eczema develop when young children, although in some cases, first, can appear in adulthood. An outbreak of eczema can occur anywhere in the body but most often appears in areas most frequently scratched. For adults who would be the back of the knees, elbows and cheeks. in infants is usually the face and chest. it is clear that scratching will cause an increase in eczema.

The most common skin allergy symptom is hives. Hives are red bumps that are usually very itchy. unlike eczema, hives is directly caused by an allergic reaction. Can occur anywhere from a few minutes to several hours after exposure to the allergen. in most cases the hives only last a short time. in some cases as short as a few minutes, in most cases be more like a couple of hours. Occasionally the hives will be accompanied by inflammation, usually of the hands, feet or eyes. this usually causes a tingling sensation and can burn. in rare cases the swelling may be severe enough to interfere with your ability to breathe. if this happens, you will need to seek medical help immediately.

Another symptom of skin allergy that is likely to encounter is contact dermatitis. in many ways it looks like the eczema is oozing red and often or scales. The difference is that contact dermatitis is caused by direct contact with skin. Eczema is usually caused by ingestion of the allergen. Usually, if you will only be contact dermatitis in the area where they made contact with reality, but may be extended around scratching as this can cause the spread of allergens.

If you have symptoms of skin allergy that is likely to want to talk to your doctor about what you can do to relieve the itching. this is usually done with a topical cream. You probably also want to have it deliver an allergy test, so you can determine what caused the reaction. it can often be very difficult to guess what was the cause because the symptoms of skin allergy may not appear for several hours after exposure.

WITH the return to school this week, Queensland Health is reminding Ipswich parents of the recommended sleep and physical activity levels for children.

Sleep deprivation can lead to fatigue, learning and concentration difficulties and kids who do not get enough sleep may display symptoms including moodiness and temper tantrums.

Young People’s Health, Child and Family Health Services clinical nurse consultant Helen Walker said sleep was particularly important for children to perform well at school.

“Sleep deprivation affects children differently to adults. Adults tend to slow down when they are tired. Children on the other hand, tend to speed up with increased irritability, over activity and hyperactive behaviour,” she said.

It is recommended that primary school children get 10 hours’ sleep a night and teenagers get nine to 10 hours.

Ms Walker said it was just as important for children to be physically active every day.

“Regular sleep and physical activity established at a young age leads to extensive health benefits in the future and establishes positive behaviour patterns for adolescence and adulthood.”

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder that affects many people in the U.S. it is characterized by impulsiveness, inattention, and hyperactivity. without appropriate diagnosis and treatment, ADHD can have serious consequences. the consequences may include academic failure, depression, relationship problems and impair social skills.

We may all occasionally experience a sense of restlessness, difficulty sitting still, paying attention, or controlling impulsive behaviors. however, there is a major difference when we experience these feelings and behaviors occasionally than when we experience them with such a persistent intensity that it interferes with our daily lives and relationships at home, school, and social settings.

In the past, it was believed that children with ADD or ADHD will eventually outgrow this disorder. This is because as children grows older and become adolescence, they become less hyper. however, many adults with ADD/ADHD know too well that many times, this disorder can follow well into adulthood. Individuals often experience relationship problems at work and in their personal lives, usually progressing further into depression if left undiagnosed and untreated.

Heredity may be connected to ADD or ADHD although not sufficient research has yet proven this. what are known to be factors associated with ADD/ADHD are difficulties during pregnancy, prenatal exposure to alcohol and tobacco, premature delivery, low birth weight, high body lead levels, postnatal injury to the prefrontal regions of the brain are all believed to be a contributing factor to developing ADHD in children.

ADD/ADHD symptoms usually are evident during childhood. Diagnostic criteria for determining ADD/ADHD characteristics are such that the behaviors are long lasting, evident for at least six months, and interfering with the quality of life of the individual suffering from it.

ADHD – Primarily Inattentive Type:

* Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes.

* has difficulty sustaining attention.

* does not appear to listen.

* Struggles to follow through on instructions.

* has difficulty with organization.

* Avoids or dislikes tasks requiring sustained mental effort.

* Is easily distracted.

* Is forgetful in daily activities.

ADHD – Primarily Hyperactive/Impulsive Type:

* Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in chair.

* has difficulty remaining seated.

* Runs around or climbs excessively.

* has difficulty engaging in activities quietly.

* Acts as if driven by a motor.

* Blurts out answers before questions have been completed.

* has difficulty waiting or taking turns.

* Interrupts or intrudes upon others.

ADHD – Combined Type:

* Meets both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive criteria.

Multimodal approach appears to be the best treatment for children and teens. Multimodal approach is when multiple treatments are sought and work together as a comprehensive plan. some multimodal treatment approaches according to CHADD are as follows:

*Behavioral Intervention Strategies

*Appropriate Educational Program

*Education Regarding ADHD

*Medication, when needed

Positive behavior modification can be critical. Positive reinforcement or when a child is rewarded for certain behavior appears to be the most important technique to help with ADD/ADHD.

For adults, treatment may or may not involve comprehensive approach. an adult based comprehensive approach includes healthcare professionals, spouse, family members and friends to help the adult with ADHD reap the best benefit from treatment. Medication is usually part of the treatment plan to help these adults gain more control and better organize their lives.

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Working with the Swedish Prison and Probation service, the researchers conducted a comprehensive survey of the inmates of Norrt?lje prison in order to ascertain the extent of ADHD and prepare the ground for trials of effective therapies.

“We have discovered that inmates with ADHD have greater functional impairment and more obvious symptoms than a corresponding ADHD group in outpatient psychiatric care,” says consultant psychiatrist Ylva Ginsberg, doctoral student at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience.

In the present study, the researchers examined symptoms of ADHD during childhood and adulthood of 315 long-term prisoners. a group of 34 who indicated ADHD on a questionnaire survey were then put through a thorough diagnostic assessment. the results of the prison group were subsequently compared with those of 20 adult males with ADHD and 18 healthy controls, all of whom were examined at a specialist psychiatric outpatient clinic.

The study suggests that as many as 40 per cent of the inmates had untreated ADHD. the 30 inmates who, after a more extensive neuropsychiatric examination, were given an ADHD diagnosis had more pronounced symptoms and a much lower educational level than the outpatient ADHD group. they also performed less successfully than the outpatient and control groups on many of the neuropsychological tests that they performed, differences that remained when differences in ability levels were controlled for. the researchers found that the prison group grew up without adequate treatment and support for their functional impairments. Despite the fact that many of the inmates had needed extra support during their school years and contact with the health services during their childhood and adolescence, only a small minority were examined for ADHD or other neuropsychiatric disorders, and even fewer received treatment.

Drug abuse is more common in people with untreated ADHD, and in the present study all inmates with the diagnosis had had problems with drugs. the researchers also found that other psychiatric diseases requiring treatment were over-represented in this group, almost half of whom were on medication for psychiatric comorbidity. On examination, almost 25 per cent also received a diagnosis in the autism spectrum. they also met the criteria for one or more personality disorders, of which the most common was antisocial personality disorder. Psychopathy was rare.

“Given the threat that untreated ADHD poses to the individual and the community, it?s imperative that the prison and probation services learn more about the condition,” says Dr. Ginsberg.

The present study formed the basis of a treatment study, in which the researchers assayed whether ADHD drug therapies could reduce symptoms and improve functional capacity in order eventually to reduce the risk of drug abuse and criminal behaviour. the results of this study are under preparation and will be presented shortly.

ADHD is a neurobiological and development-related functional impairment that has its debut in childhood and that displays symptoms of poor attentiveness and/or hyperactivity and impulsiveness. ADHD is often associated with failure in school and at work, a higher risk of incapacity leave and unemployment, and poorer psychological and social functionality, resulting in a lower quality of life. ADHD also increases the probability of other psychiatric conditions, drug abuse and antisocial behavior.

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Women who were abused as children are more likely to develop uterine fibroids as adults, a new study finds.

The results suggest that the consequences of child abuse can last way beyond childhood, study author Dr. Renee Boynton-Jarrett of the Boston University School of Medicine told Reuters Health.

"Childhood abuse is something that happens in childhood, but this experience could jeopardize your health in adulthood, as well."

The report, published in the journal Epidemiology, also showed that the more abuse women said they suffered as children, the more likely they were to be diagnosed in adulthood with fibroids, which can cause pain, abnormal bleeding and infertility.

The study cannot prove that child abuse caused women's fibroids, but there are several reasons why early abuse might increase fibroid risk, Boynton-Jarrett explained. "one possibility is that childhood abuse is associated with health behaviors such as eating and activity patterns, which elevates your risk of obesity," a known risk factor for fibroids.

Alternatively, chronic stress resulting from the abuse may disrupt how the body regulates hormones, which can also raise the risk of fibroids, Boynton-Jarrett added.

Encouragingly, among women who were abused, those who received more emotional support as children were somewhat less likely to develop fibroids, suggesting that it's possible to mitigate the negative effects of abuse. "we might not be able to prevent every episode of child abuse," Boynton-Jarrett said, but "we can support those children differently," by providing them with extra social support, a step that "might have long-term benefits."

According to Childhelp, every 10 seconds, a person reports a case of child abuse. Previous research has shown that people abused as children tend to have more health problems as adults.

Uterine fibroids are generally benign tumors that grow in the walls of the uterus. They can be removed by minimally invasive surgery.

Up to 1 in 4 women will develop symptoms from fibroids at some point in their lives.

To investigate whether the condition is more common among women with a history of abuse, Boynton-Jarrett and her team reviewed data collected from 60,615 women about their exposure to violence, and followed them for 16 years, noting who developed fibroids.

Sixty-five percent of participants said they had been physically or sexually abused as children or teenagers, and nearly 10,000 were eventually diagnosed with fibroids.

Among those who developed fibroids, nearly 70 percent reported some history of abuse. Relative to women with no history of abuse, women who said they had been abused as children were between 8 and 36 percent more likely to develop fibroids, with the risk of fibroids increasing the greater a woman's exposure to severe, chronic or multiple types of abuse.

The study is "very well done," Dr. Jackie Campbell at Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, who did not participate in the research, told Reuters Health. "it gives us important direction for future research."

Campbell herself has found that African-American women who were abused by an intimate partner were also at higher risk of fibroids, and for that reason, she said she wishes the study had looked separately at the effect of intimate partner violence on adults.

Based on these findings, it makes sense for gynecologists to "routinely" screen women for a history of abuse, or the presence of abuse by an intimate partner, given the potential long-term effects on their health, Campbell concluded.

SOURCE: link.reuters.com/huz57q Epidemiology, online November 9, 2010.

December 2, 2010 in Asthma

A lot of us generally assume that asthma only affects adults or children. but in reality, asthma can affect anyone irrespective of their age, sex or race. every parent must have a good idea about the toddler asthma symptoms. Often, these symptoms are ignored or taken lightly by parents due to lack of proper knowledge. In this article, we present the most common symptoms of asthma in toddlers. Read on to know more.

SymptomsSome of the most common toddler asthma symptoms include:

• Noisy breathing
• Persistent cough
• Wheezing or panting while performing normal activities
• Lethargy or lack of interest in playing or in their favorite activity
• Difficulty in eating
• Rapid breathing
• Rapid movement of the nostrils, chest and stomach (while trying hard to breathe)

Almost all of the toddler asthma symptoms mentioned above can be caused due to other respiratory infections too. Now, this is the tricky part. would ‘you’, as a parent, be able to determine the cause of the symptoms? The answer would be a definite NO (Of course, unless you are a doctor). The best thing to do would be to consult a doctor or a pediatrician.

The good news is that in most of the cases, asthma is not carried into adulthood. As they grow, toddlers develop immunity towards the disease. but this requires proper management of asthma in the initial stages.

Instructions to deal with toddler asthmaNow that you have read about the toddler asthma symptoms, is that all about it? is it enough to protect your toddler from asthma and its effects? You also need to know what to do in times of emergency. Taking the necessary precautions is an integral part of managing asthma. Here’s what you need to look for.

• Understand the asthma symptoms better. The may not be the same in every toddler. Look out for any signs of wheezing or persistent cough. Keep a track of the intervals at which the cough occurs.
• Regularly monitor your toddler for any signs of respiratory infections. Frequent bouts of infection can be a waring sign of reduced immunity and asthma.
• Risk factors like family history of asthma, parents who smoke, low birth weight, family members having allergies etc increase the chances of your toddler being affected by asthma.
• Write down any symptoms that you notice along with the timings at which they occur. Share them with your doctor. This would be of much help in determining the exact cause of the symptoms.

The number of people being affected by asthma is increasing with every passing year. Gain more knowledge about toddler asthma symptoms, causes, prevention, treatment and share it with others in order to fight the disease in its early stage itself.

Tourettes Syndrome is a neurological disorder and the symptoms of Tourettes vary in intensity from mild to severe. the onset of the syndrome normally occurs during adolescence. the preteen years can be just the beginning of the symptoms, ranging from mild jerking motions, to severe tics. Most individuals with this particular disorder will lose many of the symptoms by the time they reach adulthood. however, there have been cases in which Tourettes Syndrome was carried on into adulthood with milder symptoms in most situations.

The symptoms are uncontrollable jerking of various body parts, however, not always at one time. the head may jerk or shoulders shrug from lacking control over the nerves and muscles. an individual may suddenly vocalize curse words or other strange, inappropriate sounds. These symptoms, however, are never caused on purpose by the person. the symptoms are literally involuntary.

A person suffering with the illness always wants to be able to control their strange symptoms, but due to the neurological effects on the muscles, somewhat like a stroke victim, they cannot stop the tics. In severe cases, the symptoms can result in the patient suddenly hitting themselves or making involuntary vocalization noises. A person may clear their throat repeatedly or sniff almost continuously, with this condition.

People afflicted by the condition may also parrot what people are saying. For instance, if another person makes the comment, “nice weather today”, the patient may repeat what was said. an individual with the condition may also repeatedly head bang. Tourettes symptoms improve while sleeping, but unfortunately, still occur even during rest. Strangely, these symptoms also occur in individuals with Autism. some healthcare professionals are interested to learn if there is a connection between the two conditions.

There is currently no cure for the illness. however, there is medication that can help control the symptoms of this syndrome. only 10% of individuals with Tourettes carry the syndrome over into adulthood. Hopefully, with modern medicine, research, and new technology, a cure for this agitating syndrome, will be found in the near future.