Otherwise known as L-ascorbic acid or L-ascorbate, vitamin C is an essential nutrient and antioxidant. it protects the body against oxidative stress and plays a vital role in at least eight enzymatic reactions. These reactions include collagen synthesis reactions, which if missing, are capable of causing the most severe symptoms of scurvy.

Vitamin C is essential for many metabolic reactions in the body. Deficiency is detrimental to the function of the immune system but, contrary to popular belief, is not thought capable of reducing the duration or severity of the common cold in the general population. However, research has suggested that regular vitamin C intake can reduce the frequency of the common cold in an individual, and three further research analyses have shown that the duration of a common cold can be reduced by regular vitamin C intake by 8% for adults and 14% for children. Vitamin C is also a natural antihistamine. A study conducted in 1992 over a one week period found that taking 2 grams of vitamin C per day lowered blood histamine levels by 38 percent in healthy adults.

Suggested RDI varies from 45 to 95 mg/day, but is often ignored and thought outdated. This is because recommended mega-doses go well beyond that figure and recommend between 200mg-2000mg per day. This modern day approach to vitamin C concentrates on the fact that like other primates, humans cannot synthesize their own vitamin C and therefore require an intake parallel to that of their biological cousins. Modern high dosage can also be attributed to a holistic belief that the antioxidant properties of Vitamin C are capable of reducing illness, and therefore vitamin C should be considered a complimentary therapy to modern medicine.

Vitamin C is low in toxicity and therefore humans aren’t likely to accidently overdose. it would take a 150 pound human to consume 1.8 pounds of vitamin C to cause death.

its about shots

a tetanus shot is to keep you from getting tetanus otherwise know as lock jaw so you wont feel anything except good health

The duration of your shot's symptoms will always be different. for me I usually feel achy and almost like I have the flu for a couple of days. Also, the injection site becomes a little red, hard, sensitive and swollen. This quickly disappears within two to three days. But, the site will be continue to be hard and maybe a little bit sensitive for a week.

But that's just me. If you get severely sick then you need to see your doctor immediately.

Colon cancer is one of the most common diseases now days. the disease is said to be the traitor kind of because its symptoms appear only when it is on late stage. You will never know unless you will go to find out. Early detection of the disease is the best advised by the doctors. Knowing the symptoms is one way to know if you have the disease or not.

Colon cancer symptoms include difficulty on passing out stool or constipation. if the colon cancer is on early stage, the characteristic of the waste is very mushy but on the end of the colon, it solidifies that’s why constipation occur. thin stool is an indication of colon cancer because it means there is obstacle or problem in your colon. when tumor is present, stomach cramps happen. these colon cancer symptoms generally originate to the blockage in the colon, problems in the colon that cause the abnormality in body system. Rectal bleeding, weight loss, nausea and vomiting and weight loss will follow through.

Studies show that colon cancer symptoms duration is 14 weeks but it may vary from person to person. these colon cancer symptoms provide you the possibilities of having the tumor in the colon or in the stomach. if you want an accurate findings contact a physician.

Adrenals fatigue is basically a very common syndrome experienced by many but also one of those ailments that are most often disregarded. It is most of the times similar to just the average stress and exhaustion that an individual feels after a hard day’s work, but its duration is lengthened drastically lasting to a number of days, weeks, months or even years!

You might think that adrenals fatigue is only a mild situation, but if not properly treated it might lead to a more severe form of stress that could also end up in major depression and all those negative results that come with it.

Adrenals fatigue may come in different forms depending on the person’s stress tolerance level. Some may easily be stressed while others are very much adapted to stress or they may have utilized very good coping mechanisms. It is true that a little stress in our daily lives actually help us grow and enhances our skills but exposing ourselves to too much stress can also have a lot of disadvantages.

Common symptoms that were reported by several people having the syndrome are: easy fatigability, decreased level of concentration, weight gain especially on the midsection, decreased libido, depression, mood swings, and general disinterest to name a few. There are still a lot more symptoms of adrenals fatigue since as I have mentioned earlier that it usually present differently in various individuals.

You may at first experience difficulty in getting out of bed although you’ve had at least eight hours of sleep – that’s adrenals fatigue presenting to you in a form of extreme feelings of exhaustion despite rest. I am not saying that you should just skip your usual naps and not sleep because it does not resolve adrenals fatigue, in fact, you should rest in order to recharge your body. What you can do to revive your lost energy is actually to start gradual changes in your lifestyle such as diet and exercise.

Start with your caffeine intake. You should lessen your daily caffeine intake because not that it only keeps you awake at night, but it also constricts your blood vessels that would lead to palpitations and worst is hypertension. instead of coffee, just take water, fruit juices and teas. Moderate exercise will actually do wonders in your energy. Complemented with supplements found in the diet and pharmaceutically prepared multivitamins, you should be up and running in no time!

a lump dont know what else……….

Cancer of the prostate is often a slow-growing cancer and symptoms may not occur for many years as early prostate cancer is unlikely to have any symptoms, as these only occur when the cancer is large enough to put pressure on the urethra.

Some symptoms can include the following though:
difficulty in passing urine
passing urine more frequently than usual, especially at night
pain when passing urine
blood in the urine (this is not common)

Treatment

For localised (early signs) of prostate cancer that has not spread from the prostate, the treatment options include radiation therapy, brachytherapy, surgery and medical monitoring without any active treatment. For some patients prostate cancer may be contained within the prostate, not metastasising/causing any harm for the duration of their lives – this is the group for which a "watchful/waiting" policy may be recommended.

Where the disease is more advanced and throughout the capsule of the gland, therapy is recommended and the options are: hormone therapy, radiation therapy or both; failing this: chemotherapy may be appropriate. The patient with prostate cancer needs to be informed about the best way to look after their cancer.. in some cases alternative approaches such as complementary medicine, acupuncture and hypnosis may have a role in treatment and managing symptoms.

The symptoms are

having to rush to the toilet to pass urine

passing urine more often and/or at night

difficulty starting the flow of urine

starting and stopping whilst passing urine

a feeling of not having emptied the bladder fully

dribbling of urine

blood in urine or semen

pain in the back, hips or pelvis

Treatment depends on the individual case, but can include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.

Prostate cancer is extremely rare in men under 50; over 80% of men diagnosed with it are over 65 and half of all cases occur in men over 75.

I am not sure of the symptoms but the treatment in the early stage are pills, maybe radiation of Chemo.. or an operation will settle the treatment.. if this is you good luck and God bless… Grant M

My father in law said his only clue was having to urinate all of the time. he was treated with 2 types of chemo therapy and 6 weeks of intense radiation and now he has been in remission for over a year

getstdtested.com/gonorrhea-test.php?a_aid=youtube

Learn how to treat and prevent Gonorrhea from Dr. Sabrina Kendrick, Director of the Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center & getSTDtested.com

How do I treat and prevent Gonorrhea? Gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics and the antibiotics will cure the disease and the symptoms will go away. The antibiotics are inexpensive and usually there is no need to return for a reexamination or retreatment. Once you treat it and the symptoms go away, its gone. those persons who should be tested for Gonorrhea include persons who are sexually active and who are not using protection or those persons who come in with symptoms; with women, with a vaginal discharge and with men, with penile discharges. The test for Gonorrhea is a urine-based test where the patient comes in, urinates in a cup and the specimen is sent into a laboratory for testing.

Duration : 0:1:11

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In order to understand the causes of skin cancer, it is very important to analyze closely the disease cancer in itself. A normal alteration in the DNA of the cell results in abnormality within the cells. The malformed cells thereby start forming clusters and leads to tumor formation.

The controlled growth of the tumor is not that dangerous and does not lead to cancer. however, when the growth becomes uncontrolled and spreads to other tissues and cells cancer takes birth.

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in humans. This cancer affects the skin cells or the epithelial cells commonly. however, there are many variations of skin cancer and is normally caused by extreme exposure to sunlight.

When the skin is exposed to the harsh UV rays for a long duration of time, the harmful rays can easily initiate alteration of the cells. Invisible radiations coming from the sun is responsible for the destruction of the DNA and thereby results into skin cancer.

Cancer is an entirely cellular problem and spreads through the blood from tissues to tissues. Thus, genetic constitution can primarily be held responsible for the problem when a strict history of cancer runs down the family. normally, you will not try to consider certain eruptions on your skin as important and would just ignore them.

However, small eruptions on the skin or some kind of mole formation or even a bruise can give rise to cancer overtime.However, there is not much of a chance of the moles or eruptions to take the shape of cancer. Nevertheless, taking precautions will help you keep the chances at a distance and thereby help you stay secured.

Continuous exposure of the skin to any kind of synthetic harmful radiations can also lead to skin cancer by simple alteration of the cells.Skin cancer though can be treated if diagnosed at an early stage, but once the cancer travels locations and reaches other parts of the body it becomes disastrous.

Normally skin rashes, incurable eruptions or some kind of discoloration and rough patches signals the alteration of cells. when these notable signs do not fade away within a few days, consultation of the doctor is a must.

However, people with asthma are 42 percent more likely to go to an emergency room during the fifth to seventh days of continuous inversion compared to days with no inversion.

“While we didn’t see an association with PM2.5 pollution and ER visits for asthma, we did find that particulate matter is more likely to reach unhealthy levels during inversions, so people with asthma should still take extra precautions on those days,” said UDOH asthma program epidemiologist Celeste Beck.

Dr. Brett Wiesley, emergency department physician at St. Mark’s Hospital, said the report’s findings jive with his experiences.

“I think there is definitely a correlation” to the duration of an inversion and corresponding uptick of people seeking care for respiratory issues, Wiesley said.

“It not the inversions that last two or three days, it’s the inversions that set in for a week. It’s not the healthy people we see. It’s the people with chronic disease.”

The state health department, the National Weather Service and other partners participating in the research plan further research to analyze the characteristics of lengthy inversions that sends people with asthma to the ER.

The Utah Department of Health’s asthma program recommends that, during November to March, inversion season, that people with asthma monitor PM2.5 levels.

Other recommendations include:

Avoid or limit exposure to asthma triggers during the inversions.

Wash hands regularly.

Avoid people with upper respiratory infections.

Talk to a health care provider about steps to control asthma, such as stepping up use of controller medications.

Meanwhile, many schools in the Salt Lake Valley were keeping students in for recess periods while the air quality red alert is in effect.

“They (students) do get a little antsy if it’s too many days in a row,” said Jan Tanner, principal of Jordan School District’s Eastlake Elementary School in South Jordan. to help students pass the time, teachers and administrators facilitate indoor games or show videos.

Bonnie Midget, spokeswoman for Primary Children’s Medical Center, said the emergency room had not experienced any increase in asthma patients seeking care due to the current inversion. it can be difficult to parse the source of asthma exacerbations this time of year because upper respiratory infections are also a common trigger, she said.

Australian researchers undertook a five year study to investigate the extent and duration of one of the most common side-effects of prostate cancer treatment: impotence.

Transcript

This transcript was typed from a recording of the program. The ABC cannot guarantee its complete accuracy because of the possibility of mishearing and occasional difficulty in identifying speakers.

Norman Swan: good morning and welcome. Today on the Health Report a radical way of operating on your liver, what you and me as health consumers, not to mention doctors and nurses, might learn from the recent Qantas A380 emergency in Singapore and…

The results of a five-year follow-up of 2,000 Australian men who have been treated for prostate cancer to see what complications endure and how they’ve survived. and as you’ll hear, the findings are a bit troubling.

The person who coordinates this study is Dr David Smith, who presented the results at a cancer conference in Melbourne last week.

David Smith: most men are diagnosed with localised prostate cancer, that’s an early type of prostate cancer, so in our cohort we had 88% were diagnosed with localised prostate cancer, potentially curable and 63% of our men were diagnosed with no symptoms.

Norman Swan: They were diagnosed having had a PSA test?

David Smith: This is very much a group of men who represent men diagnosed as a result of PSA, yes.

Norman Swan: a year or so ago you published the three-year follow-up and now what you did this week at the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia meeting in Melbourne was actually look at the five-year follow-up of these men. So just take us through how they are going in terms of what many men are concerned about, with complications such as impotence and incontinence.

David Smith: what I presented this week was the men with localised prostate cancer and in general they are going pretty well. When you look at their overall quality of life they don’t differ in many respects from the control group that we studied, so that’s a normal group of men from the general population who don’t have prostate cancer. But in certain areas there are risks that are being attributable to the type of treatment they had. and the biggest risk that men who have prostate cancer treatment face is in sexual function. and the group that we looked at overall about 70% to 75% of men were impotent five years after the treatment for prostate cancer.

Norman Swan: Now there are degrees of erectile dysfunction; what are we talking about here?

David Smith: The single measure that we’ve used was whether men were able to achieve an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.

Norman Swan: Without a drug?

David Smith: That includes with drugs.

Norman Swan: Right, so you could take a Viagra like drug?

David Smith: That’s correct. if you’ve had a drug or any other aid, a penile implant, or a vacuum erection device and you could get an erection, we include you as being potent.

Norman Swan: Now that’s probably higher than many urologists think it is?

David Smith: That is higher than most urologists think it is. we took our three-year results to a group of urologists and before we presented the results we said what do you think the impotence rates are? and they recorded levels quite a bit lower than our results, our population whole results.

Norman Swan: did it vary by surgeon or you didn’t analyse by surgeon?

David Smith: we haven’t analysed by surgeon, I think there are some good studies overseas that show that surgeon experience and volume are important but we haven’t analysed by surgeon.

Norman Swan: Does it vary by surgical procedures? So some surgeons do it with a robot, or say they try and spare the nerves around the prostate which might help erection to occur. When you had a nerve-sparing operation did that seem to make a difference, or what the surgeon claimed was a nerve sparing operation?

David Smith: The robots were not in great use at the time of our study. But the second part of that question is whether nerve sparing intent was offered compared with non-nerve sparing intent with radical prostatectomy. we found that nerve-sparing intent did improve sexual outcome but not greatly and men who had nerve-sparing intent were often the most disappointed when it didn’t work.

Norman Swan: So how does this marry with the fact that when you look at the psychological profile they didn’t vary from controls when they were having quite significant sexual dysfunction: three out of four of them?

David Smith: The measures we used to look at overall psychological wellbeing aren’t specific enough to pick out the fine details that affect a man’s sexual life.

Norman Swan: Men are offered more than just surgery if they’ve got prostate cancer. They could be offered radio therapy, two forms of radio therapy — one is where you get the machine aimed at your prostate gland and the other is where they put radioactive seeds inside the prostate: so-called brachytherapy, which is claimed to have a lower rate of sexual dysfunction although it causes other problems as well, such as irritation in the bowel and the bladder. what did you find there?

David Smith: we looked at external beam radio therapy and we looked at whether men had androgen deprivation therapy as well and we also looked at high dose rate and low dose rate of brachytherapy. by five years the men on low dose rate brachytherapy had almost returned to a normal control group sexual functioning. So low dose rate brachytherapy in our group certainly showed the best sexual outcomes at five years.

Norman Swan: and of course the one issue with low dose rate brachytherapy is that it’s yet to be shown to perform as well as surgery in terms of survival and recurrence.

David Smith: That’s right.

Norman Swan: Incontinence?

David Smith: Incontinence is a lower level of risk in the group that we looked at but in radical prostatectomy there were about 12% of men who had persistent incontinence.

Norman Swan: and the predictors of erectile function after surgery, are they the same as people have said that if you were strongly potent before, you stand to be in the one in four who are going to have it afterwards?

David Smith: Men who are younger certainly had much better potency than the older men in our group. Men with good baseline sexual function had better sexual function at five years. Men with less co-morbidities, so other diseases that might affect sexual function…

Norman Swan: Like heart disease or diabetes?

David Smith: Absolutely, but also some interesting socio-economic issues, so men from regional and rural parts of Australia had worse sexual function and men with lower incomes had worse sexual function.

Norman Swan: how do you explain that?

David Smith: I think it’s an issue about access to large centres, perhaps private health insurance as well.

Norman Swan: So you’re suggesting less experienced urologists are operating on them?

David Smith: That could be the case.

Norman Swan: The other issue with rural people from data from the Cancer Institute of NSW is that they get diagnosed later. did rural men in your sample have less localised cancer?

David Smith: yes, there was a small but significant difference in the stage of presentation in our group.

Norman Swan: So what are the immediate implications of your findings? Presumably informed consent needs to change a little bit.

David Smith: we think that better communication is needed in the consultation about when men are deciding the type of treatment for prostate cancer. The group of men when asked stated that they would have liked to have a bit more time to consider the type of treatment that they had and they would have liked to have had more information about the likely consequences. So we think that’s the initial priority.

Norman Swan: and to be fair to Australian urologists, or at least the ones who specialise in this kind of surgery, they are found to say to people ‘look, you’ve got time, this is not necessarily something you’ve got to decide tomorrow’.

David Smith: Absolutely. and I think there’s a growing feeling now that active surveillance which is a wait and see approach and not hopping straight in and treating prostate cancer radically is a very good alternative for men with the right type of disease which gives them time to think about the best way to treat it in the long term.

Norman Swan: Given this was done in NSW you think the results are applicable elsewhere in Australia, much less internationally?

David Smith: there are subtle differences between the states in the way in which treatment is offered. some differences that we’ve seen in terms of survival may be partly a result of…

Norman Swan: oh spit it out, what are you actually trying to say David?

David Smith: Look we know that in some of the smaller states, there are only a few urologists and they treat prostate cancer differently from some other areas. So there are lots of regional differences.

Norman Swan: what you’re trying to say here is that in smaller states the skill level might not be up to scratch?

David Smith: oh no, not at all, I think…

Norman Swan: So there’s a smaller number of urologists doing all the work therefore they are getting quite good at it?

David Smith: That could well be the case and the problem is there is no other data like this in Australia, let alone in the world, this is one of the few studies that has got a large group of men with prostate cancer from the whole population not just from one centre of excellence and also has a control group to compare them with across all the treatment types.

Norman Swan: So this data are not a reason for not having the operation it’s just have the information at hand when you make the decision?

David Smith: Absolutely, talk to your doctor about the best options for you and if you’re not happy with what you’re being offered by the first doctor you go and see ask for a referral.

Norman Swan: Dr David Smith is a research fellow at the Cancer Council of NSW and you’re listening to the Health Report with me Norman Swan here on ABC Radio National.

Smith DP et al. Quality of life three years after diagnosis of localised prostate cancer: population based cohort study. British Medical Journal 2009 Nov 27;339:b4817.doi:10.1136/bmj.b4817

The experience of a tension headache is a bit different to a standard headache. while absolutely everyone will suffer from general headaches many times throughout their lives, most individuals will also develop what’s known as a tension headache.

The occurrences of tension headaches are significantly less than the average headache. Unfortunately many people do not know what a tension headache is, much less that they are having one.

It is mainly the headache symptoms and causes that differentiate a tension headache from traditional headache pain. Treatment is practically the same, except there might be a lot more than pain killers involved depending on the duration and severity of the tension headache.

Tension Headache Symptoms and Causes

A tension headache is headache pain that feels like something pushing against the head. The feeling of pressure or weight is often felt not only around the head but also inside the head. Many patients have described a tension headache as squeezing or crushing their brains, though in reality the brain feels nothing at all for lack of nociceptors. Basically, the tightness is due to many tiny muscle contractions around the head.

In addition to those headache symptoms, a dull ache may also be felt on both sides of the head, just above the ears.

There are a number of causes of tension headache. The most common appear to be stress, bad posture, extended periods of reading, concentrating or typing, fatigue and prolonged physiological and psychological anxiety.

Tension Headache Treatment

It is important to address a tension headache as soon as it develops because this type of headache is known to worsen as the day drags on. One or two paracetamol tablets may alleviate headache pain. If tension headaches are a regular part of life due to a stressful lifestyle, it would be beneficial for the suffer to engage in frequent exercise, maintain a healthy diet and consume plenty of water. If one works in an office environment, it is essential to maintain good posture as this reduces the risk of developing tension headaches.

Tension Headache Symptoms and Remedy

The feelings of pressure in and around the head, along with a dull headache pain, are the typical signs of a tension headache. these may be alleviated by taking one or two paracetamol. In some cases pain killers might only mitigate an existing tension headache and further intervention may be required, even on an ongoing basis.

High blood pressure has been known to cause tension headaches. For a discussion on general headaches please read Headache causes, Symptoms and Treatment.

Sources:

The Reader’s Digest. (1989). Medical question & answer Book. Surry Hills: Reader’s Digest Association far East Pty ltd.