DOCTORS CORNER with Dr JOHN KABUNGOLAST Sunday, I discussed the role sport can play in the prevention of malaria. This time around it is important to look at the problems which athletes with malaria encounter.Malaria is always a worrying condition in sport because of the many effects it has on the performance of an athlete. it is always a matter of concern when a team, and in this case a football team, is preparing for an important game and then it is reported that one of the team’s best players is struck with malaria.The issue becomes even more complicated when the malaria which someone has is not simple but complicated. I will try to explain a few things on the presentation of either simple or complicated malaria.I am very sure that a majority of Zambians have had malaria at some point and it won’t be a big hustle for me to go through how we can actually tell that someone has a bout of malaria. However it will be important to differentiate between simple and complicated malaria.these two forms of malaria will have a great impact on a player in terms of time taken for recovery and when the player will be allowed to get back and fully participate in a competitive match.Malaria affects all age groups with more serious and life-threatening forms occurring in children and pregnant women.In sport, both athletes and officials can be affected. Nowadays there is a lot of movement of players and match officials to different countries and this is the reason why everything must be done to have maximum protection of our athletes from malaria.FIFA has actually classified malaria to be amongst the BIG THREE medical conditions of public health interest. The other two conditions of this group are Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS.The world soccer governing body has joined the many organisations in recognising that the three conditions are a threat to mankind and deserve to be given priority in terms of awareness and therefore reduce on the sufferings that come as a result of infections with these conditions.Malaria is the main parasitic infection affecting more than 500 million people and causing more than one million deaths each year world over. about 40 percent of the world’s population is at risk of getting malaria, mostly those living in the poorest countries.In football, due to the wide and rapid travel required by international match schedules, teams from malaria-free areas are exposed to infection.All sports persons travelling to malaria-endemic countries even for a short period may be at risk of becoming infected with malaria.In Zambia, malaria is still one of the leading causes of morbidity (sickness) and mortality (death) in our health institutions.Malaria has been around us for such a long time and so many resources and research have gone into ways of reducing transmission, finding drugs, which the malaria parasite is more susceptible to, and more importantly prompt and effective diagnosis of malaria.The most commonly asked questions regarding malaria are how long does it take for an individual to suffer the symptoms of malaria after being bitten by a mosquito? How can someone suspect that they have malaria?What is it that has to be done when malaria is suspected? What are the main treatment modalities involved? What are the effective preventive measures? How long should someone stay away from participating in sport once they suffer from a bout of malaria?for the transmission of malaria to occur, an infected female anopheles mosquito has to be involved. The bite from an infected female anopheles mosquito is a must! The time taken from the time one is bitten up to the time the symptoms of malaria appear is what is referred to as the incubation period.The minimum period between getting an infective bite and becoming ill with malaria is at least six days. Malaria symptoms can actually occur many months after being bitten by an infected mosquito.The specific parasite that commonly causes malaria and of great importance in our country is plasmodium falciparum. The other types of plasmodia which are found include plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae.The main signs and symptoms of malaria are a headache, fever, flue-like symptoms including bouts of feeling cold and shivery, profuse sweating, joint and body pains, loss of appetite and general feeling of weakness (malaise).Malaria is a great pretender and can present in many ways including a bout of diarrhoea, vomiting, muscle pain or just a backache.these symptoms can occur at intervals and they basically form the simple type of malaria. However, other complications can occur, including mild to severe anaemia, because of the massive destruction of red blood cells by the malaria parasite.The anaemia in most cases is accompanied by dizziness, headaches and the heart beating faster than normal.The other complications can involve the kidneys, leading to renal failure, cerebral malaria accompanied by convulsions and mental confusion.In some cases malaria can result in a player or person going into a coma and if not properly treated this can result in death.The blood sugar levels are drastically reduced (Hypoglycaemia) by the malaria parasite and therefore affecting the energy levels of the individual.Sport, especially soccer, requires a lot of energy and malaria will deplete the energy stores and will not just allow the player to take part in training or a game. Malaria affects almost all systems of the body because of the said primary infection of red blood cells, which are vehicles to deliver oxygen to the many body tissues and organs.it is for this reason that a player or athlete suffering from malaria will not be able to participate in sport for some time.their participation in sport will depend on the improvement of their clinical picture after receiving appropriate treatment. there is no specific time frame with which return to normal physical activity is allowed, however careful monitoring and follow up of players with malaria are of great importance, especially if they are to participate at a very high level.at times recovery can take 10-14 days before an athlete returns to competition.Malaria is mainly diagnosed using a thin or thick blood smear on a glass slide and then competent laboratory personnel have to examine the slide.However, this type of examination or sending of a blood slide to the lab is not practical when the team is out where laboratory facilities are not easy to get.Nowadays the use of RDTs (Rapid Diagnostic Tests for malaria) has extremely made life easy. The tests mainly target the products from the malaria parasite in the blood stream.these tests are very easy to do and can be done by any person who has been oriented in skills of obtaining a drop of blood and the results are ready within a few minutes.Prevention of malaria has to be prioritised if sportsmen and women want to enjoy their sport.it must be emphasised that all camping facilities for sportspersons should have surroundings that are clean and not overgrown with grass.Overgrown grass and stagnant water are perfect breeding sites for mosquitoes.All sportspersons should make sure that they sleep under a treated mosquito net whether in camp or at their respective homes.The use of insect repellents either as applied directly to the skin or sprays has to be encouraged though this might prove to be costly in the long run.Sportspersons should be encouraged to wear long-sleeved clothing to cover the exposed areas and thus prevent the mosquito bites, especially at night when the malaria-causing mosquitoes are active.Another preventive measure is the use of drugs, especially when one is moving from a place where the incidence of malaria is lower than where they are visiting.This is known as chemoprophylaxis against malaria and this is done when an individual travels to a malaria zone (e.g. from Europe to Sub-Saharan Africa).The preventive measures have to target breeding sites for mosquitoes or areas where mosquitoes are likely to be found. In all the districts of Zambia, the Indoor Residue Spraying (IRS) is currently being done to help get rid of mosquitoes.The use of Rapid Diagnostic Tests kits by all teams’ must be encouraged because these are portable and easy to use.The recommended drug of choice for malaria as per our Zambian policy is the artemesinin-based combination therapy and the drug of choice is Coartem for treatment of all forms of simple malaria.many countries in our region have put this as the first line of choice for simple malaria for it has proved to be very effective and with no known serious side effects.The use of fansidar is only reserved for pregnant women in Zambia. The switch from the old chloroquin and fansidar has been due to the many malaria strains which do not respond to these drugs.My role now is to warn sportspersons to be wary of the fansidar they buy off the counter in chemists, BEWARE!!!You might take the fansidar with no response to your suspected malaria.The recommended anti-malaria for complicated malaria is QUININE.  The quinine can be given via the intravenous route or can be taken as an oral drug in tablet or capsule form.it is always important that an early diagnosis and treatment of malaria are instituted so that sportspersons can get back to their normal activities in the shortest time possible.Malaria can be such a huge drawback for an athlete and the entire team. Malaria can be prevented, so all sportspersons must make an Insecticide-Treated Net their number one training partner.Malaria will definitely affect an athlete in training or in competition and full recovery has to be allowed before resuming full activity.For questions and contributions write to: Dr Kabungo Joseph e-mail:

Each and every a single of us is already conscious that specific kinds of bacteria trigger infection Nevertheless this standard concept just isn t sufficient to cope up with bacterial infections bacterial infections many circumstances of bacterial infections don t require medical intervention Mild symptoms are treated with property remedies which differ from a single nation to yet another Nevertheless if you locate that the symptoms persist even following trying many property remedies you must consult a doctor and take therapies

Depending on the seriousness of the infection antibiotics may be prescribed to you You don t must concern about bacterial infections but you ought to always take steps to prevent the infection from spreading

Bacterial infection symptoms differ together with the kind of infections Depending on the infected region the symptoms may vary Nevertheless you are going to always encounter symptoms when the region is infected even slightly when bacterial infections are identified in respiratory tract you might locate symptoms associated to throat and respiration

Throat infection is very frequent in people living in areas with high pollution Pneumonia is very frequent in young children and elderly people for whom organic immune power is going to be very much less Sinusitis and pharyngitis are also identified in people who suffer from bacterial infections Colored nasal discharge and headaches are commonly experienced when bacterial infections are within the respiratory tract

When infections are identified in digestive tract symptoms are mostly associated to digestion problems Inflammation and pain within the stomach are typically experienced Diarrhea and vomiting are other symptoms that indicate infections in gastrointestinal tract Nausea and dehydration may also be experienced because of this of severe bacterial infection symptoms when bacteria infect stomach lining peptic ulcers may also be triggered

Foul or fishy smell within the vaginal region can be a symptom for virginal infections Vagina in ladies has many kinds of bacteria that do great for the organ Nevertheless if the production of this type of bacteria is irregular it may bring about infection Bacterial infection symptoms for infections in urinary tract include itching and pain the urinals Vaginal infection and infections in urinary tract ought to not be ignored as they may trigger additional inflammation within the internal organs

Meningitis can be a significant consequence of bacterial infections within the membranes that cover brain and spinal chord Though this can be identified in adults also infants are more susceptible to this problem Widespread bacterial infection symptoms for meningitis are stiffness in body and neck headache irritability fever or lower than regular temperature lethargy and skin rashes Once these symptoms are identified the patient ought to be taken towards the doctor instantly for medical investigation If this type of bacterial infection symptoms is ignored it may prove to become fatal in infants

Most risky bacterial infections bring about sepsis a essential situation which leads to malfunctioning of organs causing death Fever and heavy shaking within the body are the bacterial infection symptoms for sepsis Pains in joints are also felt by patients with sepsis This has to become treated instantly to cease the infection from spreading to internal organs in case of sepsis the patient is going to be admitted within the hospital for intensive therapy

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Throat cancer is also called as vocal cord cancer or laryngeal cancer or cancer of glottis; basically it is a type of cancer which occurs in the throat’s upper part.

The worse thing is that it can spread to all parts of the throat; it is not gender specific, it occurs in both male and female. it can even damage normal functionality of the throat system.

One of the common causes of throat cancer is smoking or consumption of tobacco. getting addicted to alcohol can also lead to this cancer. If someone is consuming both alcohol and addicted to smoking, the chances of encountering this disease is quite high.

Some of the common symptoms of this disease are neck pain, swelling of neck, sore throat, feeling hard when swallowing something, sudden weight loss (it may be due to many reasons), coughing blood, and strange sound during breathing, chest pain and so on.

These symptoms don’t necessarily have to be the symptoms of throat cancer, there are various other reasons which can cause these similar symptoms.

The best way is to consult your doctor as soon as you encounter any of these symptoms or any other health problem or better you can quit smoking.

Why should really you know how herpes symptoms present? well, the Herpes virus is one of the most commonly contracted sexually transmitted diseases amongst each men and girls. And like a poor home guest…you can’t get rid of it. there is no cure for herpes. as soon as you have contracted herpes, you have it for life. so, it is significant to know what the symptoms are and what you can do if you consider you have been infected.

It is Superior to Be Secure than SorryYou can’t just look at somebody and tell if they have herpes. some individuals never even show indicators or symptoms of having herpes. And given that you can grow to be infected with herpes from just a single encounter with unprotected sex, it is advisable that you constantly use a condom when having sex. If there is any probability you may have grow to be infected, STD testing is advised to swiftly begin treatments.

Herpes SymptomsIn circumstances of the initial outbreak, symptoms typically appear inside 2-20 days of initial contact and could continue for up to two weeks. often, the symptoms are so mild the Herpes infection could go undetected, so any time you have unprotected sex, testing is advisable. often, men and women who have had a history of cold sores or facial herpes may present much less severe symptoms because of a partial immunity.

For most people today, the first episode of Herpes is the most severe, especially if their bodies have not been exposed to any form of the virus in the past. as soon as the virus gets into skin cells, it quickly begins reproducing which causes inflammation, redness, and sensitivity. In most situations, blisters or smaller bumps may possibly appear in the genital region. the outbreak is normally painful, itchy, and could burn or tingle.

For girls, blisters may well erupt in the external genitals, vaginal region, buttocks, cervix, or anus. In men, blisters may possibly appear on the scrotum, penis, buttocks, thighs, in the urethra, or anus.

It is vital to recognize that there are far more herpes symptoms than just the evident sores. If you have been exposed to the herpes virus, you could possibly also experience “flu-like symptoms”, swollen lymph glands, headache, muscle ache, fever, penile or vaginal discharge, burning during urination, and lower back pain. Maintain in thoughts, then again, that additional than 60% of those infected show no symptoms at all and don’t even know that they are infected. this makes practicing safe sex and regular STD testing even far more critical.

Herpes TreatmentRecurrences of Herpes outbreaks are usually shorter than the very first and much less severe, but do occur – usually about four occasions a year. nevertheless, they could possibly lower in frequency over time and are generally preceded by warning symptoms. Numerous men and women reside their whole life with herpes, treating only the outbreaks as they happen simply because as of yet, a total cure is not probable for patients.

Nevertheless, herpes outbreaks are extremely treatable with various drugs. At times, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines are made use of, as well as prescription antiviral drugs, such as Valtrex or Zovirax.

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TMJ may be identified by its various symptoms. examine this write-up to uncover out what to check out for and just how to visit about healing this condition.

The factors that lead to challenges a man or woman may encounter even though starting and/or shutting his/her jaw are considered given how the causes of temporomandibular (TMJ) shared disorder. Jaw discomfort also often result from these disorders. the joining spot inside skull with the reduced portion inside jaw is where the TMJ resides. Hence, the range in between this joint, and the ears, teeth, ligaments, muscle tissue places and bone structures just isn’t at all very much. Hence, all these body parts desire a watchful study, ?n order that anyone could get a proper insight straight into the basic characteristics of the problem.

Know even more in regards to the Reasons for TMJ Disorder

There exists a terrific place of confusion concerning whether tinnitus may be the root cause for TMJ disorders, or if the route of causality is simply the reverse. however, anyone concern is for specific – viz, a popular set of nerves actually are current inside center ear bones inside process given how the temporomandibular joint. This, of course, creates the study inside relationship in between the two places of immediate essence. Dr. Harold Arlan, MD, have been studying the phenomenon called Otomandibular syndrome (the name given to the process by which the Pinto’s Ligament connects the less big bones inside mid ear with the TMJ regions). It may be pointed out in this particular context that, Dr Arlan is connected with new Jersey’s Medicine university and Dentistry (in Otolaryngology surgical treatment section) inside capacity of Assistant medical Professor, inside process just like the Rudkers healthcare School.

Bruxism, the expression for the habit of individuals who usually clench and/or grind their teeth when beneath effect of powerful mental emotions, can bring about problems inside temporomandibular joint. challenges inside TMJ also can occur if acute inflammations occur on this shared area. in both the above cases, TMJ complicacies arise, given how the canines inside process given how the incisors, current on opposite arches, look in crossways, even though the pterygoid medial muscles allow these teeth to have a very lateral movement process. Incidentally, the center places inside temporomandibular joints house the pterygoid muscles.

Psychological factors, neurological issues, severe trauma, tooth defects, issues with the neuromuscular method inside process as gene-related factors will want all be studied in detail, given that all of these may have a very part to play in TMJ dysfunction problems. These causal factors also often determine the line of treatment that must get undertaken. When the proximal tissue inside temporomandibular shared develops a swelling, this could be taken getting a obvious symptom of TMJ disorders. however, it must get kept in views that, pain inside 3rd set of molar teeth should not be considered being an indicator of TMJ problems.

An Insight straight into the Symptoms Of TMJ

Comprehensive info relating to the TMJ symptoms is always useful. these kinds of symptoms can range from clicks or pop-sounds, inside process as grating noises when patients open or close their mouths, not getting in a position to bite or chew inside proper manner, to, prolonged ear-aches, head-pains, trismus factors, inside process as jaw-related problems, like lock jaw, excessive tenderness inside area, and other issues with jaw mobility. among these, the clicking or popping noises reveal milder forms of TMJ disorders. as well somewhat teeth-clenching habits, chewing on gums for extended periods, inside process given how the inclination to bite fingernails – all these type causes for the TMJ problems. Surgical methods can even turn into necessary, in situation the TMJ complicacies are already triggered off by any type of trauma-filled episode in life. however, the manifestation of most the TMJ symptoms in a patient just isn’t certain, and neither do these indicating factors last for any long time.

It have been proved that, if the alignment inside jaw gets disturbed, people will wants to exert even more than the necessary amount of force to open their jaws, inside process concerning glide the jaw forward, in a protrusive type of movement. the probable scenarios surrounding TMJ problems may be any (or all) inside following:

• challenges inside tooth set up (running down in genes), and a gradual destruction inside teeth’s occlusal surface.

• Traumatic experiences, both past types inside process as recently felt ones,

• Moving the jaw in cataleptic movement (also considered as bruxism),

• a wish to tear off bones from foods items,

• the shared place inside jaw getting disintegrated by diseases,

• the articular surface enduring a depletion in organic matter,

• Fibrous ailments, and ankylosis challenges inside bone, and

• challenges related to myofacial pain syndrome.

TMJ Treatment

While treating TMJ dysfunction problems, both the short-term inside process given how the lasting factors are of essence. the TMJ discomfort may be significantly lessened through the application of NSAIDs, at least through a brief period of time. however, these medicines fail to counter the basic neuralgic persona inside concern of these pains. Indeed, no type of paracetamol medicine may be anticipated to produce good results against these pains.

Over the long-run, the TMJ problems may be effectively treated by therapeutic methods. in particular, the destructive postures inside mind and the shoulders will wants to get identified and consciously avoided, ?n order how the temporomandibular shared just isn’t unduly pressurized. the masticating muscles will want be also relaxed. Stabilising splints (devices that include the place fully, and so are flat-planed) may be used to be specific that as well somewhat force does not drop throughout the TMJ area. Considering their incompatibility with all circumstances of TMJ disorders, later on, only the frontal teeth were covered by a device called Anterior (Frontal) Splint. the latter device may be utilised by any TMJ patient. Provided how the reversibility of these splints is guaranteed, these devices can easily be used.

Treating causes And TMJ Symptoms

If medicines aim to do away with only the TMJ symptoms, and usually disregard the presence inside main factors at the rear of the disease, the latter has a terrific probability of relapsing, after these kinds of medicine classes are finished. unfortunately, this is precisely what the conventional treatment modes (operations and medicines), inside process given how the medicines quickly available lacking doctor prescribed actually do. Nor are the significant causes of TMJ problems detected, neither are they removed from the system. long lasting treat can not be obtained from home made medicines which have herbal ingredients, even though they are doing offer some helpful features.

What patients will wants to try and do is typically to adopt holistic treatment modes, which view the human body getting a whole, searches out the disturbing factors, and do away with them from the bodily method permanently. the TMJ symptoms are removed as well. Hence, there remains no cause for worrying about future attacks by TMJ disorders.

A swelling of the epididymis (not positive if it swelled, it just protrudes and it seems peculiar to me), slight itching but usually only with heat and also an occasional sharp pain (although not for more than a second or two). there are no visible rashes or blisters. as I've already mentioned, my partner and I were monogamous and we had no encounters with each other or anyone else before this first oral encounter about three weeks ago. does this sound like something to be serious concerned about?

If it doesn't hurt much, it probably isn't epididymitis. consider the possibility of a spermatocele.

See the link.

Any signs that look like they might be an STD are something to be concerned about. and yes, you can get it from oral sex.

Go see a doctor. If you have worries about embarassment or the like, then look at it this way: You may have something wrong with you, and if you do, you need to get it fixed or it will get worse.

Treat it like any other health issue and you'll do fine.

Usually some way or another different cancer symptoms are released either through the paper or school, etc like breast cancer you learn that if you find a lump in your breast this is something to worry about and could be cancerous, so what are the symptoms with cervical cancer? most young girls find it embarrassing to go and have a smear test I know that I have been putting it off for two years now and no matter how many people tell me i'm being childish or selfish, etc I still kind find the courage to go, I am a really shy person and so opening my legs for someone I have never met in my life is just my worst nightmare next to cancer. if someone like myself was to put this off for so long that they would someday encounter cervical cancer, what would be the symptoms they would need to be aware of. I don’t want no answers telling me how immature I am being, everyone has their own phobias and stripping half naked is one of mine.

Cancer is not a sexually transmitted disease and your mom is right you can get it and be a virgin. Cervical cancer doesn’t have symptoms until it is advanced so if you wait till then you are at risk for death. no one likes having a pap smear, but I don‘t remember anyone being embarrassed by it. I didn’t give it much thought as I was on the pill and you have to be examined to get it.

Why would a school paper publish symptoms of breast cancer? it has little relevance to the people reading it. I hope the included that self exams are not recommended at your age and the chance of getting it increases with age. at 25 there is a 1 in 20,000 chance of getting breast cancer.

Some symptoms:
abnormal vaginal bleeding, for example between periods or after sex
smelly vaginal discharge
discomfort during sex
vaginal bleeding after the menopause

BUT: if you wait to have identifiable symptoms, you'll be putting your life at risk. once symptoms like this develop, the cancer can be untreatable, or you'll endure months of painful, horrendous treatment.

You think letting a doctor look between your legs is embarrassing? try chemotherapy. You'd be a mess. Bald, puking, unable to control your bowels, dependant on others to look after you, like a zombie.

Smear tests identify early stages and warning signs – and could save your life.

Doctors and nurses have seen this all before, a gazillion times. You need to tell yourself it's not a big deal for them, so it shouldn't be a big deal for you, and get the test. I know you don't want to hear it, but you MUST. People die of this.

Read this:
alrighttit.blogspot.com/2008/07/s…

It's a blog from a young woman who got breast cancer. Yeah, wrong disease, but same treatment. It's HELL.