Visiting with people and taking phone calls can be exhausting.

And with every activity — “preparing meals, ironing a shirt, putzing around the house” — she has to pace herself.

“I have to break down tasks little by little,” Malott said. “What I can do today, I might not be able to do tomorrow.”

Chronic fatigue syndrome, also known as myalgic encephalopathy, is a devastating and little-understood disorder, characterized by an overwhelming lack of energy and a variety of other symptoms, including muscle pain, memory problems, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, achy joints and unrestful sleep.

Malott, 49, has been living with the disorder for more than five years.

She has had to give up a 28-year nursing career, can no longer work out at the gym and now attends church from her red leather recliner at home, via the Internet.

But that hasn’t stopped her from being the best mother she can be to her children, Sara, 9 and Luke, 7.

And it doesn’t diminish her capacity to give and receive love.

“Before the illness, I was a very active mom. I would run through the door, start supper, round up the children for baths, run here, run there. Parenting was more of a task-based role,” Malott shared. “Now, it’s more emotional, supportive and educational.”

Malott said she “didn’t see this right away, but there are some gifts in this for my kids. their mom is home every morning and every evening when they come home, without fail. they will have a heart for people with illness and disability and they will benefit from the fact that I have greatly increased my efforts to educate them about life’s lessons and not taking anything for granted.”

Malott married her husband Jason when she was 38 and had her daughter Sara when she was 39, followed by a son, Luke.

“It was six months after Luke was born that I started to experience some health issues that now, in retrospect, were related to the illness,” she said.

“I was a very hands-on kind of mom and would get on the floor and play and run around in the yard with the children. I remember thinking how much I couldn’t wait to ride roller coaster with my kids. I was a front-seat, hands-up kind of girl.”

Little did she know, she reflected, how drastically her life would change.

The diagnosis

Malott said it was March of 2006 when she began to experience hand pain for about three weeks.

“I didn’t feel well,” she recalled. “So I went to my primary care doctor who sent me for carpal tunnel testing, which was negative. then, about three days later, I just felt really tired — flu-like, but also lightheaded.”

At the time, she said, she was taking a spinning class three to four times a week. When she got on the treadmill at the fitness center and started walking, “I felt like I was going to pass out. I told my husband I didn’t feel right and thought I needed to go to the emergency room. I went, and as it turns out, my heart was beating irregularly and my potassium was low.”

Malott said she had a cardiac catheterization and other cardiac tests that came back normal.

Six months later, she once again began suffering from extreme hand pain, as well as a fever and body aches that lasted 10 days.

“I could barely function,” she said. “All I could do was lay down and get up for meals and go to the bathroom. I felt like I had a severe case of the flu. It went away after 10 days, but came back again in two months and has been there ever since.”

Malott said the low-grade fevers were concerning to her doctors, as well as the hand pain, cardiac irregularities and low potassium.

“I noticed a decline in my short-term memory and my ability to concentrate at work,” she said. “I also developed severe insomnia, making it difficult to function day to day. I lost 60 pounds in about four months, which was another baffling piece.  this was a real telltale sign that something was wrong, as I have fought the battle of the bulge most of my adult life.”

Malott visited a rheumatologist at Johns Hopkins University Hospital in 2007, who was the first to tell her she might have CFS and/or fibromyalgia, a syndrome also associated with fatigue and muscle pain.

I've been getting the buzzing pins and needles sensation in my arms for a little over a week now. It usually lasts for just a second or two, and it starts from my shoulders and travels down to my wrists, getting stronger around the joints and fading out at my wrists. sometimes only my left arm gets it, but often both do. I get them especially when I sit down, but my arms are not in any awkward position when it occurs. My arms just feel weak during and after it happens, and the number of occurrences are increasing daily.
Is it possible that it could be a symptom of Parkinson's disease? My grandfather has Parkinson's plus syndrome, and I read that Juvenile Parkinson's is usually hereditary.
Also, I have teenage asthma, and when I take ventolin pills, my hands will start trembling along with my heart rate increasing, but I'm told it is a normal side-effect. could the pins and needles be a side effect as well?

It doesn't really hurt, but I'm worried if there's something wrong with my nerves.

Painful symptoms are very common for Multiple Sclerosis patients. They can be mild to debilitating, and sometimes it is hard to get doctors and family members to understand just how frustrating it is to cope without extra help. here are a few ways you can take your pain into your own hands by managing the way you live.1. Keep your joints and muscles young and flexible.

Whether you are 25 or 105, it is important that you maintain a light exercise routine to help make life as manageable as possible. This does not mean you have to become a body builder; however, pain should not keep you from being active. If you can, just take walks to keep the blood flowing to your muscles and brain. It is better to avoid going out in very cold weather, which will make pain worse, or hot weather, which triggers tingling symptoms in some individuals. Invest in an exercise bike or a treadmill, and avoid putting heavy stress on the knees. If you are in a wheelchair, see about attending physical therapy sessions or do some stretches at home.

2. get the right medication.

When you are feeling as though you can not live your life due to excess pain, do not be afraid to call your doctor for an appointment to increase or change your medication. Some sufferers of Multiple Sclerosis feel as though pain is just part of living with the disease, but you have the right to be comfortable. Make sure to use drugs safely, and only go to one pharmacist. If you have many doctors, they might not know what else you are taking. A single pharmacist will know every drug you are taking, so they will be able to tell you if one might interfere with the potency of another, or even cause unsafe side effects.

3. Accommodate yourself.

Keeping track of what daily activities cause the most pain and discomfort will help you learn to avoid what troubles you. there is a solution for just about everything these days. A simple wire tool with a handle can help you fasten buttons. Attach rubber grips or modeling clay to toothbrushes, silverware, and cup handles to make them easier to hold without straining the joints. Supportive shoes and sneakers can be fashionable and help to relieve strain and fatigue that can be caused by walking or standing in poorly fitted shoes.

Living with Multiple Sclerosis pain, numbness and fatigue can be managed to make your life easier. there are always new ways to help treat the symptoms of MS, and researchers are becoming ever closer every day to a cure. The best thing to do is to take good care of yourself for a long and healthy life, and never lose hope. Stay in the know about treatments that can help you feel better.

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On 10th March 2011 researchers says that a new protein molecule derived from growth factor progranulin provide treatment for the inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. the development of this protein in the body produces cytokines that control the level of cartilage. Appropriate level of cartilage prevents arthritis in the body. these protein molecules are secreted by the nervous system and other immune system of the body.Arthritis is taken from a Greek word which means “joint” and its Latin meaning is “inflammation”. it affects the muscles and the skeleton system of the human body specially the joints. it becomes the main cause of disability in the people of over 55 years of age.

Arthritis is not a single disease. it covers other medical conditions.

There are more than hundred types of arthritis. some are given below:

1. OsteoarthritisIt is a type of arthritis in which cartilage loses its elasticity. if the cartilage is stiff it damages easily. Cartilage functions as a shock absorber. when the cartilage is damaged the tendons and the ligaments are damaged too as a result it causes pain in the muscles and bones.

2. Rheumatoid arthritisIn this arthritis the muscle membrane is damaged and it causes swelling and pain. if this type of arthritis is not treated well it can cause deformity of bones. Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in women than in men and it strikes the patient between the age of 40 to 60. Children and older people can also be affected by this disease.

3. Infectious arthritisThe infection in the synovial fluid or in the tissue of bone can be caused by a bacteria but it can also be caused by the viruses and other fungi. these bacteria, fungi are spread in the body through a blood and it infects the nearby tissues and the bones too. the people who had arthritis ever before in their life and those who have such virus in their body, they have the more chances of developing arthritis.

4. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritisThis is a type of arthritis that affects an individual of age 16 or less. the juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is of three types:

• Pauciarticular JRA

It is the most common type. In this a child feels pain in up to 4 joints.

• Polyarticular JRA

The affects of this arthritis are more severe and it gets worst with the passage of time.

• Systematic JRA

It is the least common type of arthritis. it can spread to the distant organs of the body but it can be the most dangerous type of JRA.

A joint where one bone is joined to another bone that joint is hold with the ligaments. these ligaments are elastic bands they keep bones at their place and the muscles contact and relax to make the joint move freely.

The cartilage allows the two bones not to rub with each other while moving. the covering of the cartilage helps the joint to move smoothly and painlessly.There is a capsule that surrounds the joint. There is fluid in the joint known as synovial joint. this fluid is beneficial for beneficial for bones.

If an individual has the arthritis things go wrong with bones. the damage that is caused to the bones depends on the type of the arthritis. as a result of the arthritis the cartilage finishes due to infection and many other factors.

The symptoms of arthritis takes time to develop but it get worse with the passage of time. these symptoms affect the joints of hip, knee, hands and spine, fingers, arms, legs, wrists, ankle, jaw, shoulder. Following are the symptoms of arthritis:

Arthritis can be diagnosed blood tests, physical tests. x- Rays and CT scan.

Treatment of arthritis consists of physical therapy, medications.

Physical therapyPhysical therapy is helpful to maintain the flexibility of the bones. There are many types of physical therapies. the type of physical therapy given to a patient depends on the type of arthritis an individual has. different exercises are given to the patient that stabilize weaken joints. Exercise is an important part of arthritis therapy.

Medication for arthritisNSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, Salicylates, Glucocorticoids, Anti Malarials, Minocycline, and cyclosporine are the medicines that are used to cure the arthritis.

Diet impact on arthritisDiet has an important impact on the arthritis. it provides you with nutrition and it also maintains the weight of the body because people start losing weight during arthritis.

Doctors advised patients to avoid eating fats, cream, red meat and cheese. Patients should eat plenty of vegetables, fruits etc.

The prevention of arthritis can seem very difficult but there are many ways that can prevent arthritis from occurring. the use of arthritis supplements (Glucosamine and Cetyl myristoleate) also helps to prevent the arthritis. these supplements can be found in the form of liquid, powder or pills.the disease of arthritis can make one’s life very difficult but therapies can make life better. People with arthritis can go for medical health and treatment and there is no definite cure of arthritis but there are ways which can reduce the effects of arthritis. it affects the people in different ways patients may feel uncomfortable that they lose their grip. Being diagnosed with arthritis does not mean that you cannot live healthy life anymore. with some changes in life style the bad effects of arthritis can be removed.

Does depression cause physical symptoms such as acne, et. cetera, what are some things caused by depression, externally?

You say 'clinical depression' have you been diagnosed? if not, it sounds like you need to see a doctor to rule out any other medical conditions, before you think of depression. I know that many people have this disease and do not get diagnosed soon enough so it makes people wonder about depression right away. the other poster is correct Thyroid disease is a big culpret for these symptoms. so are many other muscle/joint disorders. Please if you haven't been, go to a doctor and get a complete physical.

Their are diseases than can cause depression that also causes hair loss and skin changes. Pain in the joints and muscles can be caused by depression too. Fortunately their are good medications that work well for that kind of depression. Check Thyroid problems. Thyroid Disease can cause depression and hair loss and physical pain too.

By JOAN PATTERSON

Our backs are the workhorses of the body, a complex marriage of ligaments, muscles, joints and discs that let us do everything from compete in triathlons to dance the Texas Two-Step. in fact, when they work, they work beautifully. But when they do not, simply bending over to tie a shoe can seem insurmountable.

According to national statistics, back pain is one of the most common complaints patients have when they visit their doctors and about 80 percent of us will experience lower back pain at some point in our lives. of course, beyond all the statistics is how back pain can interfere with our quality of life.

There are, however, some very simple steps that can be taken to help prevent common back pain. We talked to three experts about the issue: Dr. Robert Kessler, a doctor of osteopathy and associate professor at Touro University Nevada in Henderson; Andrea Avruskin, a physical therapist and spokesperson for the Nevada Physical Therapy Assoc.; and Kathleen Grace Santor, director of the Stress Management Center of Nevada located in Henderson.

Together, they gave us their advice on keeping back pain at bay, everything from walking up flights of stairs to learning how to cope with the daily stressors in our lives.

AVOID SMOKING, CAFFEINE

One of the risk factors for back pain is smoking because it actually decreases the oxygen level in the body which means muscles cannot function as well, Kessler notes. Smoking also increases the load on the sympathetic nervous system which serves the body by increasing heart rate, for example, and constricting blood vessels.

Other risks factors include too much caffeine, the abuse of alcohol, lack of physical activity and obesity. according to Avruskin, every pound that a person is overweight puts 10 pounds of stress on the spine.

GET MOVING

The most common causes of back pain are stiffness in the spinal joints, weakness of the trunk muscles and overstretched ligaments, which are the fibrous bands of tissue that hold together the spine’s vertebrae and discs, Aruskin notes.

These can be the result of sitting or standing for long periods of time, particularly in a slouched position. Avruskin recommends consistently sitting and standing up straight, and getting up from a sitting position every 30 minutes to walk around. she also suggests bending the spine backward and side to side, and rotating it side to side.

When watching television use those commercial breaks to move around, and try to avoid the couch, she adds. Couches are the worst when it comes to supporting the back because their softness allows the sagging of the spine which overstretches the ligaments and can lead to bulging discs. Instead, use a supportive chair such as a dining room chair.

WORK IT OUT

To prevent back pain, doctors will usually tell their patients to exercise, no matter what age, because it strengthens the back muscles and keeps the joints moving. This does not mean running a marathon but taking steps to get the body moving in a helpful way.

Kessler recommends activities such as Tai Chi, yoga, water aerobics, swimming and walking which are all beneficial for the spine. in fact, it is a good idea to practice more than one type of exercise in order to use different muscles and, therefore, reap the most benefit. Just make sure they are activities you enjoy and will continue to do.

It is a good idea for those who are just starting an exercise regimen to begin slowly, such as going for short walks. those with health problems should always consult a doctor to determine what exercises will be the most helpful and pose no risks, he added.

TARGETING MUSCLE GROUPS

There are exercises to target key muscles such as the postural muscles on the back side of our bodies which keep us standing and sitting straight. they can include “rows, lat pulldowns, scapular squeezes, swimming-type motions while lying on your stomach on a mat, and lifting one arm and the opposite leg while on your hands and knees,” Aruskin says.

But, again, it is important to consult a physician or physical therapist to make sure these practices are right for you, and to ensure they are being done correctly.

Aruskin points out that if you already have back pain, exercises that work the joints are the most beneficial. There is a specific technique that physical therapists use called McKenzie MDT “which focuses on finding the spinal motion that will quickly relieve your pain.” once the right exercise is determined by a therapist, it can be taught to a patient who can then use it at home.

Those with simple back aches that came on after sitting too long, for example, or bending forward, might benefit from the book, “Treat Your Own back,” by Robin McKenzie which shows readers how to get rid of their own pain at home.

FIND THE TIME

Sometimes it seems impossible to fit exercise into the daily routine. among the top reasons clients at the Stress Management Center say they do not exercise is lack of time and feeling too tired at the end of the day, Santor notes.

All three experts agree, however, that it is vital to spend the time to exercise or at least get up and move around to prevent back pain, especially if you are sitting at a desk all day. It could mean walking the perimeter of a building on campus or at work, using stairs instead of elevators, even parking at the far end of a parking lot to increase the walking distance to the front door of a grocery store or restaurant, Kessler says.

MOM WAS RIGHT

Your parents may have had their own reasons for encouraging you to “sit up straight” but were actually teaching you a very important lesson about maintaining a healthy back. good posture is key in staving off back pain and can actually allow the spine to heal faster after an injury.

“The natural arch in the small of your back should be maintained whenever you are sitting or standing. when your low back or upper back is allowed to slouch, the muscles and ligaments get slowly overstretched which can cause them to be painful,” Aruskin says.

When sitting it is important to make sure the hips are all the way back, “jammed up” against the back of a chair, Aruskin says. she also provides this tip for keeping the natural curve of the back and, therefore, preventing or reducing pain: Roll up a towel to the thickness of your forearm, and place it between the small of the back and the chair, then lean back against it.

Kessler notes that while sitting at a desk, the knees should be bent at a 90-degree angle and computer monitors should be set up so that one’s eyes are looking straight ahead “at the middle to upper three-quarters of the screen.”

MAKE JOB BACK-FRIENDLY

There are thousands of Las Vegans with jobs that require them to be on their feet for long periods of time including dealers and cocktail servers. But there are ways to make it easier on the back.

Aruskin recommends standing up as straight as possible with the chest up and shoulders back. Dealers should be standing as close to the tables as possible to limit how far they have to reach, she added, and they need to periodically shift their weight from one foot to the other.

During breaks, it is a good idea to take a brisk walk to restore circulation in the legs and back, and to stretch and twist the back.

When lifting something, including a young child, get as close to it as possible, bend your knees rather than learning forward, hold the object or child close to your stomach, then rise by straightening the knees.

ADDRESS THE STRESS

When Kessler talks to a patient about back pain it usually means looking at their lives as a whole.

“One question that is predictive (of back pain), and it’s going to surprise you, is, ‘Do you like your job?’ being happy. Stress causes us to use our bodies differently,” Kessler notes.

Santor agrees. Stress such as that experienced on the job or at home can cause muscles to tense up and exacerbate problems in the lower back. The best way to deal with it is to regain some kind of control.

A gentle yoga class that includes breathing techniques and calming poses is one way to learn how to soothe an overtaxed nervous system. “The calming effect of a good yoga class is excellent because the parasympathetic part of your nervous system kicks in and now you get the benefit of rebuilding,” Santor says.

Relaxation tapes are also helpful and, in some cases, the advice of a counselor who can help you directly address the stressors in your life.

“It’s a good idea to approach (stress) from different directions,” Santor added.

WHEN TO GET HELP

Finally, there are certain red flags when it comes to back pain that can signify something more serious, according to Kessler. These include back pain that travels from the back to the legs; worsens while laying down at night; pulses or is accompanied by symptoms such as a cold temperature, loss of sensation, numbness or weakness; or is associated with the loss of control of the bladder or bowel, weight loss, diminishment of appetite, fever or abnormal uterine bleeding.

Herbs might be an easy way to improve Crohn’s syndrome, even so the thing should preferably the right prey create when they have been crohns psoriasis also? Research reports have found that we have an probable five-fold surge in skin psoriasis for many by way of Crohn’s deseases. to keep whom directly onto significantly level of view, just about 2% attached to Us citizens are affected by psoriasis, to date at least 11% on Crohn’s victims are affected by psoriasis. On the web . ever increasing numbers of perhaps which a hook up between Crohn’s affliction not to mention psoriasis is certainly available.just what skin psoriasis? Skin psoriasis will be a continuing status it strikes your epidermis and thus predisposed joints. It also much of the time stimulates purple scaly parts along the pores and skin that appears staying critical quick. This particular scales in the ruddy garden pertaining to affected skin are designed with a silvery shade and are usually categorised as psoriatic plaques , and they are vehicles inflammatory reaction and consequently increased self development in the body. The actual aspects of your skin that is battling with psoriasis range from the knees and therefore arm. In contrast, psoriasis can occur any where on the human frame, truly at the genital area maybe the crown. Comparable to Crohn’s, skin psoriasis will never be infected.Exactly what is the website? Research workers trust most of the crohns skin psoriasis be connected is located inside the fighter’s genes. Similar to Crohn’s, psoriasis may be the reaction of an actual deterioration immune system and believed an immune-mediated dilemma. if somebody includes a good reputation skin psoriasis as part of their friends, that passed dow genes are already died, your guy can not only be in danger of psoriasis, but as well as different immune-mediated difficulty for instance your body, rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, also known as Crohn’s ailment. The reality is, research suggests in which the associated danger of most acquiring psoriasis and/or one additional immune-mediated trouble, very type 2 diabetes and / or Crohn’s disease, considerably multiplies present in a poor an end essential combined with skin psoriasis.The expense of genuine that Crohn’s but psoriasis originate identically defense mechanisms fail, it may be better to snack crohns psoriasis jointly condition as a substitute to when two come apart difficulties. Eventhough an undesirable experience skin psoriasis and those that offer Crohn’s will experience a variety of characteristics, each point out has effects on break down limbs, some people continue to be take a similarities in regards to outbreaks. such as, stress symptoms or drinking tend to be prime candidates to find creating any kind of Crohn’s along with skin psoriasis surface. Generally, various are convinced that a homeowner’s food can all cause a vigorous condition for psoriasis, not to mention nutritious diet and work a huge role inside ruling Crohn’s.just how can crohns psoriasis turn out to be taken care of to each other? While you need to attend to these problems individually, various medicine like Remicade (Infliximab) can probably goody these products together with each other. Separate study has seen Remicade to function by visiting curing both together Crohn’s Diseases but psoriasis. The reason being considering that Remicade is definitely anti-TNF prescription medication. Tumour necrosis detail (TNF) is known as the culprit overdue the redness that takes place in Crohn’s and also psoriasis.Remicade sooths song around the body body’s defence mechanism which can be regarded as bother the illness then trigger evidence. Generally speaking, Remicade appears to have been that could help the drug free responding the system has got closer to cancer.Remicade is usually a strong crohns psoriasis attention explaining managed out of intravenous injection above the recognized treatments allow. A great number of patients inside the most important Crohn’s and then skin psoriasis medical studies efficiently actually done remission of their conditions whilst not having and also some damaging secondary effects. Remicade isn’t actually for just anyone, therefore , ensure you speak with your medical pertaining to achieveable medicines if you suffer crohns skin psoriasis. It’s also wise to a choice in which you can use some other medication or holistic treatment plans that your own professional medical doctor can suggest might enable you to acquire alleviation.

Book our own world-wide-web site all about nail psoriasis. It’s actually entailed regarding items page

MARANA, Ariz. (AP) — Phil Mickelson played a practice round at Pebble Beach on the Saturday before the U.S. Open and was walking back to his car when he felt pain in his ankle, hip and even his finger. it was uncomfortable, but no great cause for alarm.

“I thought it might just be wear and tear of the joints over the years,” he said.

The scare came a week after the U.S. Open during a family holiday in Hawaii when the pain returned.

“I went and laid down on the couch, and it hurt so bad to move,” Mickelson said. “Thereafter, I went to try to play golf and the pain had gone to my shoulder. I couldn’t take the club back halfway. And I was concerned about the impact on my golf career.”

Mickelson was lucky to detect it early.

He immediately saw a rheumatologist in San Diego, then went to the Mayo Clinic for a second opinion. Both agreed that he had psoriatic arthritis, an autoimmune disease that causes pain, stiffness and swelling around the joints.

Mickelson was able to get on a treatment plan, and he felt good enough to resume his full workouts by November.

But it left a lasting impression, and now Mickelson wants to do his part to help educate others about the disease.

Mickelson has created a partnership with Amgen and Pfizer, inc. and will launch a public awareness campaign Wednesday called “On Course with Phil.” The idea is for people with psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or plaque psoriasis to have it diagnosed early and get on a treatment program that’s best for them.

The three-time Masters champion has not signed any endorsement deal, and he said it will not be visible on his bag or other attire. There were will be advertising, along with a website (oncoursewithphil.com) in which people can read his story and get information on the disease, from its symptoms to finding the right treatment.

Mickelson said he lost about 20 percent of his strength, along with some swing speed. he said most of the speed has returned, and he hoped to have the rest of it back during the road to the Masters.

It cost him part of his summer, no doubt. he was never in contention at the British Open, and made his move too late to seriously contend at the PGA Championship, where he first revealed he had psoriatic arthritis. he had a chance the second half of the season to go to no. 1 in the world, but he had only one top 10 finish.

Even so, he feels fortunate it wasn’t worse.

“He was smart, the fact he recognized something was going on and sought medical attention early,” said Christopher Ritchlin of the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, who has been studying the diseases for more than 20 years.

Ritchlin said rheumatoid arthritis can be irreversible if left untreated. As for psoriatic arthritis, he said that often gets overlooked because people do not make the connection between stiffness and swelling in the joints and flaky skin from lesions.

“It’s a common problem, and Phil can tell his story,” Ritchlin said.

He was equally happy that Mickelson helped bring together for the first time the Arthritis Foundation and the National Psoriasis Foundation to form a coalition that can educate people on the disease.

As for Mickelson?

“I’m in a good place now,” he said. “I’m able to practice and work out hard. As I’ve said, my goal is to make this year the kind of year I wanted last year to be. I also want to help other people who have situations similar to mine, because it’s very manageable.”

Pain and swelling in the joints, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue are symptoms of juvenile ______????______________ arthritis.

Broken bones are a medical condition in which bone was broken or cracked. Broken bones can occur because of external factors (like fall) or from conditions such as softening of the bones due to osteoporosis, cancer, or other disability.
Types of Fractures

There are various types of fractures. To be more systematic, can be divided based on :
1. Location
Fractures can occur in various places on the bone as in diaphisis, metaphysical, epiphyseal, or intraarticular. if the fracture is obtained in conjunction with dislocation of joints, then it called a fracture dislocation.
2. Size
Divided into complete and incomplete fractures. fractures incomplete is cracked.
3. Configuration
Fractures can be divided into transverse (horizontal), oblique (slanting), or spiral (spiral). if more than one fracture line, then called cominutive.
4. The relationship between the fractures
Inter-part fractures can still relate (undisplaced) or are far apart (displaced).
5. The relationship between fracture with surrounding tissue
Fractures can be divided into an open fracture (if there is a relationship between bone and the outside world) or fracture closed (if there is no relationship between the fracture with the outside world).
6. Complication
Fractures can occur with accompanying complications, such as nerve disorders, muscle, joints, and etc. or without complications.

There are many common types of the bone fracture, namely as :

1. Closed fractures and open fractures.
Closed fracture is a bone condition broken (or cracked), the broken bones resides in the skin (muscle) while open conditions are broken bones out of the skin (muscle).

2. Simple fracture and multiple fractures.
In simple fracture, broken only in one place and multiple broken bones are in many places.

Simple closed fractures is easier to treated if we compare with open fractures of multiple fractures (especially coupled infection). The handling of every fracture case, either use a pen, gypsum, or other treatments, it will be very dependent on the type and origin of damage to the bone itself.

Broken bones may occur as a result of severe injuries on the body so that the bone be broken down, and cause pain. if we find someone whose get bones broken, we should be careful if you want to help him because his injured will worsen if you give him wrong treatment.

People who get broken fracture should be immediately brought to hospitals, health centers, clinics, doctors, or other health centers to immediately be given intensive treatment. Broken bone can gradually recover.

How to respond :

A. Broken Bones Closed/Closed factures

Closed fractures are fractures where the fracture bones do not hurt / ripped flesh the nearby skin. These fractures can be open if get bleeding wounds.
Treatment :
- Lay down the victims of broken bones and do not move around unnecessarily.
- put a buffer for a broken bone fracture. Broken bones are not getting better by using spalk / splint, cane, wood, broom fibers, mast antenna, etc. The lightweight and strong tied or wrapped in strong but did not make bond or a bandage on the broken part.

B. Broken Bones Open/Open fractures

Open fractures are fractures where the fracture make meat and the skin around the fracture to be torn injured. These fractures should really need to watch out because easy to get infection because of the gaping wound.
Treatment :
- Lay down the victims of broken bones and do not move around unnecessarily.
- if the blood is still flowing, stop the bleeding by pressing and binding the injured part with a clean cloth.
- put a buffer for a broken bone fracture. Broken bones are not getting better by using spalk / splint, cane, wood, broom fibers, mast antenna, etc. The lightweight and strong tied or wrapped in strong but did not make bond or a bandage on the broken or injured .

C. Broken Spine / Spinal fractures

On condition broken backbone or spine, the patient will feel pain in the back or the neck. if so then do not cause much movement on the victim. As the movement not to damage the spinal cord that can cause permanent paralysis. I recommend that you wait for an ambulance or medical personnel with experience to take care of the victims further.
Treatment :
- Do not make a lot of move with the patient, like raising his head, standing, sitting, etc. if not to urgent, you should not moved fractures from its original place and keep the remain position with the head straight up.
- Warm the body of a spine fracture patients with blanket.
- use a carrier with a strong base and hard like a board, table, and etc. Transported at least two people to be stable on the table.

Types of fractures based on the wound :
1. Closed fractures (broken bones simplex).
A broken bone is not visible from the outside.
2. Open bone fracture (compound fracture).
A broken bone looks from the outside because the bone had broken through the skin or the skin has torn. Open fractures more easily infected.
3. Compression fractures (broken bones due to suppression).
Compression fractures is the result of the energy that drives a bone against other bones or a pressing force against the long bone. Common in older women who become brittle due to spinal osteoporosis.
4. fractures due to run over.
A very great power caused some cracks that occurred on a few bone fragments. if blood flow to the affected bone disorder, then the healing will run very slowly.
5. Avulsi fractures.
Avulsi fractures caused by strong muscle contraction, so part of the bone are attached. most often occurs in shoulders and knees, but can also occur on the leg and heel.
6. Pathological fractures.
Occur if a tumor (usually cancer) has grown into the bone and causes bones to become brittle. Brittle bones that can break bones, although with minor injuries or no injuries at all.

Cause

Most fractures are the result of injury, such as car accidents, sports or a fall. fractures occur when a power greater than the bone against bone strength.

The type and severity of fracture are influenced by :
- The direction, speed and strength of the force against the bone
- The age of patients.
- Flexibility of the bone.
- The type of bone.

Fragile bones due to osteoporosis or tumor may become a broken bone.

Clinical Symptoms of Fractures

A fracture can be characterized by:
- Swelling.
- changes in shape, can occur angulation (formed angle), rotation (distorted), or shortening.
- there is pain at the fracture area.

Pain is usually a real symptom. Pain can be very severe and usually increasingly worse, especially if the affected bone is moved. Touching the area around the broken bone can also cause pain.

Tool motion can not function properly, so people can not move her arm, standing on one leg or with her hands clasped.

Blood can leak from a broken bone (sometimes in considerable amounts) and into surrounding tissue or out of the wound due to injury.

Diagnosis

X-rays can usually indicate a broken bone. Sometimes need to do a CT scan or MRI to see more clearly the areas of broken bone. if the patient get more improvement, x-rays are also used to monitor healing.

Treatment

Four main goal of fracture treatment are :
1. To relieve pain.
Pain arising in the fracture is not because the fracture itself, but because the injured tissue around the broken bone. To reduce pain, it can be given pain-killers and also with immobilization techniques (not moving the fracture area.) Immobilization techniques can be achieved by installation of a splint or cast.
- Scan : hard object placed in the area around the bone.
- Installation of gypsum : a strong material that is wrapped around a broken bone
In some fractures, need scan to restrict movement. with this treatment, broken collarbone (especially in children), shoulder bones, ribs, toes and fingers, will recover completely. Other fractures should really not be moved (immobilization).

2. To produce and maintain the ideal position of the fracture.

Splint and cast is not able to maintain position in a long time. it required more technique that is more stable as the installation of continuous traction, external fixation or internal fixation depends on the type of fracture.
- Withdrawal (traction) :
Using a burden to hold a limb in place. it is now rarely used, but once the main treatment for broken femur and pelvis.
- Internal Fixation :
Surgery to place the dish or metal rod on the bone fragments.

3. if bone re-unification occurs
Usually a broken bone will begin to merge within 4 weeks and will blend perfectly within 6 months. but sometimes there is interference in the union of the bone, so that required bone graft. The healing process takes at least 4 weeks, but in the elderly usually require a longer time. After recovery, the bone is usually strong and return to function properly.

4. To restore its original function

Immobilization can lead to a decrease in rigidity of muscles and joints. Thus the mobilization efforts are needed as quickly as possible.

Immobilization can be done through :
- Scan : hard object placed in the area around the bone.
- Installation of gypsum : a strong material that is wrapped around a broken bone
- Withdrawal (traction) : using weights to hold a limb in place. it is now rarely used, but as main treatment for hip fracture.
- Internal Fixation : Surgery to place the dish or metal rod on the bone fragments. is the best treatment for hip fractures and fractures with complications.

Immobilization of the arm or leg causing the muscles become weak and shrinking. therefore, most patients need to undergo physical therapy. Therapy begins at the time of immobilization performed and continued until scan, plaster or traction has been released. In particular fractures (especially hip fracture), to achieve complete healing, patients need to undergo physical therapy for 6-8 weeks or sometimes even longer.

Supplementary Examination

Normally physical examination, a diagnosis of fracture has to be enforced. Imaging studies (such as x-ray) to assist in viewing the type of fracture to assist in the selection of subsequent therapy. things to remember in the x-ray examination is the result should consist of two joints, the two sides, and two bones (right and left). Roentgen is also useful for evaluating the results of the given therapy.

United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently issued a warning to the drugs that used to prevent brittle bones or osteoporosis because it can increase the risk of fractures. The FDA added that all drugs in the bisphosphonate class must add warnings on the labels that these drugs have side effects that are not normal.

For information, bisphosphonates has been given to more than half a million patients in an effort to strengthen bones and reduce fracture risk. In the UK, only a bisphosphonate drug, alendronate, that is suspected include in the warning. nearly three million people in the UK have osteoporosis. This brittle bone condition is also causes 230 thousand people suffer a fracture each year.

Herbal treatment for broken bones

Characteristic of Broken Bones (Eupharbia tirucalli L.) plant is not only composed of leaves and stalks that resemble bones. This plant can grow up with the trunk. despite the cut, these plants can live if placed in the ground. The sap contained in Broken Bones plant proved empirically can treat broken bones.

The content of the sap :
- Euphorbone.
- Taractsasterol.
- Alacttucerol.
- Euphol.
- Rubber substance.
- Bitter substances.

Benefits using Broken Bones plant’s sap :
As the name implies, Broken Bones plant to treat bone fractures. This plant bark finely ground and mixed with oil, then used the sap as ointment in the skin of broken bone (where the broken bone is located). After given the tree sap, the broken bone location need to be wrapped.