what are its causes,symptoms,prevention,treatment and vaccination (if any).

What is cholera?

Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. the infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes can be severe.

What are cholera symptoms?

Approximately 1 in 20 infected persons has severe disease characterized by:

profuse watery diarrhea,
vomiting, and
leg cramps.
In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours.

How does a person get cholera?

A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. In an epidemic, the source of the contamination is usually the feces (stool) of an infected person. the disease can spread rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage and drinking water.

The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in brackish rivers and coastal waters. Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera, and a few persons in the United States have contracted cholera after eating raw or undercooked shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico. the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another; therefore, casual contact with an infected person is not a risk for becoming ill.

An acute infectious disease of the small intestine, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration, and depletion of electrolytes. Also called Asiatic cholera.
Any of various diseases of domesticated animals, such as chickens, turkeys, or hogs, marked by severe gastroenteritis.

cholera is caused by the virus vibirio choleri and it spreads through the contaminated food , not having clean habits etc.. it is safer to put epidemics any function that will be taking place.

Cholera (also called Asiatic cholera) is a water-borne disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which are typically ingested by drinking contaminated water, or by eating improperly cooked fish, especially shellfish.
Cholera is transmitted through ingestion of feces contaminated with the bacterium. the contamination usually occurs when untreated sewage is released into waterways, affecting the water supply, any foods washed in the water, and shellfish living in the affected waterway—it is rarely spread directly from person to person.

The resulting diarrhea allows bacteria to spread to other people under unsanitary conditions
Symptoms include those of general GI tract upset: profuse diarrhea (eg 1L/hour), abdominal cramping, fever, nausea and vomiting. Also those of the resulting dehydration: thirst, muscle cramps, weakness, loss of tissue turgor, sunken eyes and wrinkled skin, severe metabolic acidosis with potassium depletion, anuria, circulatory collapse and cyanosis. Death is through circulatory volume shock (massive loss of fluid and electrolytes), and can occur within hours.

The root causes of these symptoms are the enterotoxins that V. cholerae produces. the main enterotoxin, known as cholera toxin, interacts with G proteins and cyclic AMP in the intestinal lining to open ion channels. as ions flow into the intestinal lumen, water follows through osmosis.

Treatment typically consists of aggressive rehydration and replacement of electrolytes, since the death rate is generally high due to the serious dehydration caused by the illness.

Tetracycline antibiotics may have a role in reducing the duration and severity of cholera, although drug-resistance is occurring,[4] and their effects on overall mortality is questioned

I'm 28 and I have been having some menstrual issues. they have gone on for awhile, and my doc keeps telling me that its normal, but it does not feel so normal to me. I get major cramps in my back and abdomen when I start my cycle. so bad that I end up curled up in a ball in bed. I am taking BC, and it used to help, but through time, it just progressively gets worse and the BC no longer helps. so I just set up taking my BC so that my cycle will start on the weekend so I don't have to miss work. Last night I started my cycle and had horrible right leg pain that kept me awake at night. It was almost like a pulling, nerve-like pain, that was a first. I get constipated at the start of my cycle as well. Additionally, sometimes I have pain or uncomfortableness during intercourse and frequently get intense leg cramps in my right leg during intercourse .

I also have fairly moderate to severe psorasis, and I was reading that they could possible go hand in hand, but it has not been proven yet.

I have brought up my symptoms to my OB GYN and he says that I'm normal. I'm just wondering if I should get a second opinion, or should I just flat out request to my doctor that I be tested for endo or something else???

I'm assuming you have told your doctor that your pain is severe enough to interfere with your daily life and normal functioning. if an ob-gyn tells you that's normal and blows you off, that's an ob-gyn you should be firing. seriously.

Based on your descriptions, it sounds like endometriosis is a possibility that should be investigated. I'm including some links that may be helpful.

Basically, vibrio cholerae is bacteria that is taken in by humans when we eat or drink contaminated things. It produces a toxin which is a protein, and this binds to the protein channels of the epithelial cells in the small intestine. This causes some of the protein channels to stay open. Chloride ions then move from the epithelial cells (where there is a higher concentration) and into the lumen of the small intestine (where there is a lower concentration) by diffusion. This then means that the water potential of the epithelial cells is higher than that of the lumen of the the small intestines, so water moves from these cells and into the lumen of the small intestine by osmosis. This causes lots of water to be lost, so dehyration can occur.

it gets into the intestine and causes the Cl channels to open up in the epithelium cell and causes profuse watery diarrhea,
vomiting, and
leg cramps.