Symptom Advice .com » mortality rates

Medical Dictionary

Symptom Advice — Sun, 24 Apr 2011 13:17:09 +0000

Study: Artificial Pancreas makes Pregnancy Safer for Women with Type 1 Diabetes

By Nicky BroydWebMD Health News

Reviewed by Rob Hicks, MD

Jan. 31, 2011 — for the first time, research has successfully demonstrated the potential benefits of an artificial pancreas in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. It’s hoped the development, funded by Diabetes UK, could drastically reduce cases of stillbirth and mortality rates among pregnant women with the condition.

Pregnancy and Diabetes

Pregnancy poses additional risks for women with diabetes as hormonal changes make it very difficult to keep blood glucose levels within a safe range, especially at night. As a result of high blood glucose levels, babies of women with diabetes are five times as likely to be stillborn, three times as likely to die in their first months of life, and twice as likely to have a major deformity.

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal mortality.

Strict glycemic control is more readily achievable by pregnant women with type 2 diabetes. however, researchers say there has been a disappointing lack of progress in managing type 1 diabetes in pregnancy.

Around 18.8 million people in the U.S. have been diagnosed with diabetes. The CDC says type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5% of adult cases of diabetes.

Artificial Pancreas

The pancreas produces insulin, the hormone that helps to control blood sugar levels. for this latest study, led by Helen Murphy, MD, of Cambridge University, the performance of an artificial pancreas or “closed-loop insulin delivery system” was evaluated in 10 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. The researchers found the device was able to automatically provide the right amount of insulin at the right time, maintain near-normal blood glucose levels, and, in turn, prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia in both early and late pregnancy.

The artificial pancreas was created by combining a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) with an insulin pump, both of which are already used separately by many people with type 1 diabetes.

An insulin pump removes the need for a series of daily insulin injections. however, people with diabetes still have to test their blood glucose levels frequently and calculate the amount of insulin to take. in comparison, the “artificial pancreas” takes minute-by-minute glucose readings from interstitial fluid using a continuous glucose monitor. The signal will then be transmitted wirelessly to a handheld computer, which calculates the amount of insulin needed. That information is then sent to an insulin pump, which delivers the insulin.

Previous studies have shown improved blood glucose control and reduced hypoglycemia with overnight use of an artificial pancreas in children with type 1 diabetes, but this is the first time it has been successfully used in pregnant women with the condition.

“For women with type 1 diabetes, self-management is particularly challenging during pregnancy due to physiological and hormonal changes. Previous studies indicate that pregnant women with the condition spend an average of ten hours a day with glucose levels outside the recommended target,” Murphy says in a statement.

“These high blood glucose levels increase the risk of congenital malformation, stillbirth, neonatal death, preterm delivery, macrosomia [oversized babies], and neonatal admission. So to discover an artificial pancreas can help maintain near-normal glucose levels in these women is very promising,” she says.

Early Days

Diabetes UK Director of Research Iain Frame, MD, says in a news release, “Although early days, this exciting area of research, funded by our donors, has huge potential to make pregnancy much safer for women with type 1 diabetes, and their babies.

“It’s a fantastic example of how existing technologies, in this case, insulin pumps and CGMs, can be adapted and developed to benefit as many people with diabetes as possible. We now need to see an extension of this study, one which tests larger numbers of women, and then take it out of the hospital and in to the home setting.”

If all goes well and funding is in place, Diabetes UK says the artificial pancreas for pregnant women could be available within five to 10 years.

How to identify the pig disease and prevention of vomiting – aquaculture industr

Symptom Advice — Wed, 01 Sep 2010 20:03:10 +0000

1.1 hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (REV) a, encephalitis type B. Vomiting and failure type1.2 gastroenteritis is a highly transmissible gastroenteritis virus contact transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, in order to cause the following 2 weeks of age piglets vomiting, severe diarrhea and is characterized by high mortality rates. although the different ages of pigs are sensitive to this virus, but more than 5 weeks of age mortality rate is very low pig. Characteristics of the disease with high mortality of newborn piglets, no practical and effective treatment, winter, spring, particularly in autumn and winter, winter and spring seasonal, the weather changes unexpectedly when prone. Typical symptoms are short-term piglets vomiting, yellow watery diarrhea, faecal material can often contain a curd block, evil smell, growing pigs showed anorexia, diarrhea for several days, accompanied by vomiting.

1.3 epidemic diarrhea porcine epidemic diarrhea is caused by a virus, a kind of vomiting, diarrhea diseases characterized. Piglet and Jia Zizhu obvious symptoms, vomiting first, followed by severe diarrhea, fecal samples diluted water, grayish yellow or gray and have small bubbles. Pigs apparent dehydration, weight loss faster. Piglets incomplete digestion stomach full of milk clot, the greater curvature mucosa of loss and ulcers.

1.4 pigs of all ages can pseudorabies disease, the more serious young pigs, pigs exhibited moderate frequency of vomiting, the main violations of the nervous system, pigs difficulty breathing, salivation, diarrhea, tremor, central nervous system symptoms of epilepsy seizures. Sow occasional nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms.

1.5 pig rotavirus enteritis breastfeeding was rare, and vomiting symptoms, mainly against gastrointestinal tract, watery diarrhea in pigs, sows usually asymptomatic.

1.6 pigs of all ages can be incidence of classical swine fever, pigs can be seen with moderate frequency of vomiting, severe systemic disease, in addition to vomiting outside the pigs are drowsiness, visual mucosal cyanosis, fever, diarrhea, bleeding and other symptoms. Symptoms of sows and piglets similar symptoms.

2. Weaned pigs and adult pigs caused by vomiting disease2.1 transmissible gastroenteritis in piglets caused by the following 2 weeks of age, vomiting, severe diarrhea and is characterized by high mortality rates.

2.2 epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea caused by a kind of vomiting, diarrhea diseases characterized. Gastrointestinal mucosa by the necropsy were found to significantly catarrhal inflammation of the small intestine containing yellow or gray-green feces, intestinal relaxation, thin, mesenteric lymph node swelling.

2.3 pigs of all ages can pseudorabies disease, the young pig is more serious and occasionally vomiting symptoms, mainly against the nervous system, feeding pigs showed symptoms of central nervous system of adult pigs sneeze, cough, anorexia, constipation, Occasionally, neurological symptoms, pregnancy may be aborted sows.

2.4 nursing pig rotavirus enteritis, especially in post-weaning pigs often made. Occasionally vomiting symptoms, mainly against gastrointestinal tract, breast-feeding pig diarrhea, dehydration, usually without clinical manifestations of adult pigs. Porcine rotavirus infection by the rotavirus outbreak of gastrointestinal functional disorders piglets an acute infectious disease clinic with vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and acid-base balance disorder characterized.

2.5 pigs of all ages can be incidence of classical swine fever, pigs can be seen with moderate frequency of vomiting, severe systemic disease, in addition to vomiting outside the pigs are lethargy, hair-dimensional visualization mucosa, fever, diarrhea, bleeding and other symptoms. Symptoms of sows and piglets similar symptoms.

2.6 most acute Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae disease: pigs of all ages can occur, but the outbreak is common in finishing pigs. Occasionally vomiting symptoms, mainly against the respiratory system, pigs also showed difficulty in breathing, coughing, bloody nose and mouth out of the liquid, given the symptoms.

2.7 anthracis: anthrax and intestinal anthrax type pharynx seen with moderate frequency, or frequent vomiting, pigs and more for the systemic disease, pharyngeal anthrax showed type neck swelling, difficulty breathing, intestinal anthrax performance as anorexia, blood diarrhea.

2.8 class round worm disease: Pigs weaned pigs to regular hair, and occasionally vomiting symptoms, mainly against gastrointestinal tract, pigs have diarrhea, rapid weight loss, anorexia, anemia and other manifestations. Disease of the piglets most damaging, especially 3 to 4 weeks old piglets. Occurred mainly in the warm rainy season, is one of the reasons piglet diarrhea. Pigs vomiting, enteritis and diarrhea occur, then weight loss. If the larvae through the skin infection, often caused by eczema; into the lungs, the cause bronchitis, pneumonia, fever; if moved into cardiac muscle, brain and spinal cord, may occur in acute death, serious due to extreme weakness and death.

2.9 finishing pigs and adult pig gastric ulcer often made, occasional vomiting, the disease predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract, breast-feeding pigs without the disease, the pigs have anemia, tar-like feces, teeth, weight loss, such as performance. Symptoms include anorexia, abdominal discomfort, abnormal bowel movement leading to constipation or diarrhea, and some cases of stomach bleeding and melena psychosis. the disease was initially a little stomach bleeding, only the performance of indigestion, often difficult to detect.

The e-commerce company in China offers quality products such as Coarse-brick texture manufacturer , Corrugation texture manufacturer, and more. for more , please visit decorative wall panel today!