Cervical radiculopathy is an inflammation of the nerve in the cervical spine from the exit point which is called neuroforamen. most neck pain does go away after several weeks but there are some neck pain that can persist and may radiate to the arms and shoulders. Cervical radiculopathy symptoms may include weakness, numbness or pain in various areas of the hand and arm. Common conditions that are generally linked to cervical radiculopathy include:

Cervical Spondylosis

This condition is the continuing tear and wears changes due to advance age. this is often referred to as degenerative spine disease. most of this condition can be identified through the traditional X-rays and other imaging examinations. Conditions like calcification of disc, narrowing of disc space, bulging of the shape of the disc and bone spurs can be clearly seen in this imaging device.

Cervical Disc Herniation

The disc is located in between the vertebrae. this disc consist of two layers that is the outer layer which is tough and the inner layer which is made up of a gel like material. an injury to the outer layer may change the shape of the disc especially if the inner material is pushed out to the outer layer. this condition is called disc herniation. When this injured disc compressed a nerve then it can result to pain.

Diagnosis of Cervical Radiculopathy

Evaluation and Diagnosis of Cervical Radiculopathy always starts with a physical examination by the doctor. With a thorough and careful physical examination the condition may be detected along of course with the symptoms of the patient.

Also traditional X-rays and MRI will show the bony spur formation in the nerve foramen. CT scans and MRI can show soft tissue structures like the nerves, discs which cannot be seen in X rays thus most conditions can be accurately diagnose or identified in this scans. most important thing is these findings will be associated with the patient’s symptoms. Unfortunately there is a finding that a high rate of spondylosis and disc herniation occurs in individual who never experience any symptoms at all (J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991)

Non-Surgical Treatment

There are several studies that support for the non-surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy. there are studies that showed that cervical radiculopathy improves without resorting to surgery at all. In fact two studies showed that cervical radiculopathy has significantly improved using non-invasive form of treatment after repeated of scans ( Spine Journal, 2003). other studies showed significant improvement of cervical radiculopathy treated with non-surgical therapies like using anti-inflammatory, epidural steroid injections, physical therapy, oral corticosteroids and brace ( Eur.Spine J 1996, Spine, 1996)

Fortunately most patients recover from cervical radiculopathy using the non-surgical form of treatment although there are instances that pain still continues despite the traditional treatment. if this is the case then surgical treatment may be recommended

I have pain in my tailbone and around it, it hurts only in the morning when sat on, or later in day if I flex my but muscles, I went to the doctor and he felt it and there is nothing not a bump or anything, he thinks it is weight or how tall I am and it is pressure on my tail bone I am 6,1 and 15, I weigh 245, does it sound like I have cancer? my mom and grandpa have degenerative spine problem, and my cousin John has to go to a Chiropracter, sorry for spelling.

medicinenet.com/colon_cancer/article.htm

read this

Bone pain or muscle pain usually isn't a sign of cancer. Maybe, and I mean maybe, nerve damage, but it's most likely a torn ligament.

P.S. You don't feel for colon cancer. Doctors check it from your stool sample.

I agree with Tom, go to the site.
Also, no i don't think it's colon cancer, you don't have a bloody stool or nauseated, bloating etc. see that site , it's informative.

I'm 28 and I have been having some menstrual issues. they have gone on for awhile, and my doc keeps telling me that its normal, but it does not feel so normal to me. I get major cramps in my back and abdomen when I start my cycle. so bad that I end up curled up in a ball in bed. I am taking BC, and it used to help, but through time, it just progressively gets worse and the BC no longer helps. so I just set up taking my BC so that my cycle will start on the weekend so I don't have to miss work. Last night I started my cycle and had horrible right leg pain that kept me awake at night. It was almost like a pulling, nerve-like pain, that was a first. I get constipated at the start of my cycle as well. Additionally, sometimes I have pain or uncomfortableness during intercourse and frequently get intense leg cramps in my right leg during intercourse .

I also have fairly moderate to severe psorasis, and I was reading that they could possible go hand in hand, but it has not been proven yet.

I have brought up my symptoms to my OB GYN and he says that I'm normal. I'm just wondering if I should get a second opinion, or should I just flat out request to my doctor that I be tested for endo or something else???

I'm assuming you have told your doctor that your pain is severe enough to interfere with your daily life and normal functioning. if an ob-gyn tells you that's normal and blows you off, that's an ob-gyn you should be firing. seriously.

Based on your descriptions, it sounds like endometriosis is a possibility that should be investigated. I'm including some links that may be helpful.

Question 1.
Intermuscluar injections are often given in the gluteal region but not just anywhere in the gluteal region. In order to avoid the sciatic nerve and larger gluteal blood vessels, the nurse will put the needle about 2 inches below the iliac crest in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal region. which muscle is the needle most likely to hit?
a piriformis
b hamstring group
c quadricep group
d gluteus medius
e gluteus maximus

Question 2.
If someone had a new genetic disease that prevented the formation of ependymal cells specifically, which of the following would be true of someone who has this disease?
a no myelination in the PNS
b no myelination in the CNS
c chronic infections in the brain
d less than normal levels of CSF
e lack of a blood – brain barrier

Question 3.
When someone gets lumbar epidural anesthesia, where does the physician put the needle?
a deep to the pia mater
b deep to the arachnoid mater
c deep to the dura mater
d in the subarachnoid space
e superficial to the dura mater

Question 4.
If someone fractured their L5 vertebae, does that mean they also damaged their spinal cord?
a yes
b no

Question 5.
If someone had food poisoning from botulism toxin, what type of symptoms might they exhibit?
a muscle spasms
b "lockjaw"
c difficulty breathing due to spasms in the respiratory muscles
d droopy eyelid
e spasming facial muscles

Question 6.
Which of the following is innervated by a somatic efferent neuron?
a smooth muscle around the stomach
b cardiac muscle
c pain receptor in skin
d touch receptor in skin
e hamstring muscle

Question 7.
All dendrites and axons in the PNS are myelinated.
a true
b False

Question 8.
In the brain, white matter is composed of nerve fibers that are myelinated by oligodendrocytes. In the spinal cord, white matter is composed of nerve fibers that are myelinated by Schwann cells.
a true
b False

Question 9.
A woman was stabbed in her back and the knife damaged one of her posterior (dorsal) rami on the right side of her body. which of the following is a result of her injury?
a flaccid paralysis of some of her back muscles
b numbness in a small area of her back
c spastic paralysis of some of her back muscles
d flaccid paralysis of some of her back muscles and numbness in a small area of her back
e spastic paralysis of some of her back muscles and numbness in a small area of her back

Question 10.
A man has a brain tumor in his right primary motor cortex which specifically damages the upper motor neurons of the lateral corticospinal tract. which of the following is TRUE?
a he will have spastic paralysis on the right side of his body
b he will have flaccid paralysis on the right side of his body
c he will have spastic paralysis on the left side of his body
d he will have flaccid paralysis on the left side of his body
e he will have no pain sensation from the left side of his body

1…gluteus maximus…why …it has a lot of mass …..lots of surface area.. which is important in intermuscular injection…other likable choice is the deltoid or your vastus lateralis…this doesnt pose any major risk in terms of nerve damage …you only have cutaneus supply with vastus lateralis
….you cannot hit the piriformis muscle …..the sciatic nerve travels below the priformis muscle …when u sit too long …you get wht is called sciatica which is when the piriformis muscle compress the sciatic nerve….also know as pain in the buttocks

2 d…ependymal cells produce CSF

3 d…my guess..we only use spidural anesthesia in the sacral hiatus …..a little confuse with the wording ….spinal tap is wht you do in the lumbar region …in the region of L4/L5
4b no….spinal cord ends at L2 in adult and L3 in kids …which is why spinal tap is done btw the region of L4/L5…conus medullaris is the termination of spinal cord which is at L2

5 the major effect will be a …it affects your neuromuscular junction primarily …also it is important to realize it is a complete blockage…so respiratory problems is also a likable choice ……people with botulism poison will suffer respiratory arrest leading to death

6 e..motor ….musle is primarily more motor
7 a…which is wht schwann cell is for
8 b…..oligo is for the CNS( brain and spinal cord)….PNS is scwann
9 d
10c

The feminine body is surely an organic and natural machine created involving nerve, muscle as well as bone tissue. it will develop infants for up to 9 calendar months. however, like all machines, it is prone to the occasional breakdown, such as, well, getting infections – better known as a yeast infection, or even in this case genital thrush. How do we go about diagnosing candida albicans?

Not quite Yeast, Really…

To begin, genital thrush is not brought about by yeast. the problem is actually caused by a fungus called Candida albicans that has yeast-like attributes. it develops naturally within warm, damp, dim parts of the body, such as the oral cavity and the vaginal canal. Its development is kept in balance by a kind of advantageous bacteria which also develops in the body. the job associated with Candidiasis is to look for harmful bacteria and eliminate all of them.

The problem starts when the actual very good bacteria which keep track of the actual growth of Yeast albicans perish, possibly due to the fact of anti-biotics or the weak defense system. once these bacteria die, Yeast albicans grow rapidly as well as propagate boldy. Include to this the fact which all candida fungi can move by means of muscle or body organ walls within the actual entire body (it has been known to permeate intestinal wall space), and there you have it – an contamination which irritates the vaginal canal as well as the vulva.

So exactly how Undertake You Diagnose it, Really?

The actual very first action in order to figure out the signs and symptoms. Your many informing symptom is if your own system produces the white or even whitish-gray release which will come out clumpy as well as has a odor that makes you think of about bread or ale. other typical caution indicators extreme itching, a burning as well as tingling sensation, and also even soreness, all of make walking, switching placements, urinating and sexual challenging. Some of these symptoms may end up being heightened via publicity to chemical substances, such because fragrances and household cleaning materials.

Sufferers are also more prone to develop allergies through inhaling airborne mold. Damp, dark locations can make them feel worse. They may also display a craving for sugar, breads, carbohydrates and alcohol, though sufferers may not necessarily be tolerant to alcohol. But even then these symptoms altogether may make you a candidate for another infection called bacterial vaginosis, which merits its own article.

With these symptoms in mind, the next step is to visit your obstetrician-gynecologist or ob-gyne. the ob-gyne will begin questioning you about your symptoms, your medical history and your exposure to certain chemicals. He or she will take a swab of your vaginal discharge, and inspect the presence of candida from this sample under a microscope. the ob-gyne may also ask you to assist him or her in identifying the exact location of the itching or pain using a magnifying lens.

Keep in mind that not all doctors are able to diagnose thrush or yeast infections properly. there are times that the indicators could be signs of thrush as described here, and there are times that they may actually be symptoms of a kind of vaginitis, most likely bacterial in nature. Also, when left unchecked, thrush may cause dangerous side-effects, such as endometriosis, ovarian dysfunction and the release of toxins which may further jeopardize your immune system.

Diagnosing yeast infection can be difficult, mostly because its symptoms are no different with those of other illnesses affecting the genital region. Therefore, it is extremely important to be pro-active in getting an accurate diagnosis as soon as you experience the warning signs.

You must able to recognize and keep track of what is going on with you in your genital region. and you must be very forthcoming when asked about the medication you are taking and the products you are using.

If you found this information helpful and you’d like to learn more check out chronic yeast infections and yeast infection creams.

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Posted on: Friday, 28 January 2011, 07:30 CST

RARITAN, N.J., Jan. 28, 2011 /PRNewswire/ — new research has been published indicating that patients suffering from a painful complication of diabetes may experience a significant improvement in their pain as measured by a pain intensity scale when using an investigational pain medication. this phase III study, which evaluates the safety and efficacy of tapentadol ER against placebo for relieving moderate to severe chronic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), is published in the January issue of the journal Current Medical Research and Opinion (CMRO). An online version of the article may be found here.

Just this past week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced there are now nearly 26 million people in the United States living with diabetes. over time, they can develop a type of nerve damage called neuropathy. Approximately 60 to 70 percent of people with diabetes have some form of neuropathy. the most common type is DPN, which causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms. it is estimated that painful DPN affects 10 to 20 percent of all patients with diabetes, and many patients on current treatments still experience considerable pain.

“What’s encouraging is that at the beginning of this study, the average pain rating across the entire group of patients was severe, but after three weeks on tapentadol ER, the average pain score dropped substantially to a range considered to be mild pain,” said Bruce Moskovitz, MD, Therapeutic Area Leader for Pain, Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. “After double-blind randomization, the group of patients that stayed on tapentadol ER maintained its pain reduction, while the group that switched to placebo experienced a significant increase in its average pain score.”

About the Study

This trial had two main phases: a 3-week, open-label phase, during which all patients were titrated to their individually optimal tapentadol ER dose (100-250 mg two times per day), followed by a 12-week, double-blind maintenance phase, during which patients were randomized either to continue taking tapentadol ER (at their optimal dose) or to receive placebo.

The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was to measure the change in average pain intensity, as determined by a twice-daily, 11-point pain rating scale or numerical rating scale (NRS; 0=’no pain,’ 10=’pain as bad as you can imagine’), from the point of randomization. Safety was also assessed throughout the study.

At the start of the 3-week, open-label phase, the majority of patients (79.4%) reported severe pain (greater than or equal to 6 on the 11-point NRS) with a mean pain intensity of 7.3. by the end of the open-label phase, the mean pain intensity was reduced to 3.5. Following randomization, over the double-blind treatment phase to week 12, pain increased in the placebo group (as demonstrated by the average change in pain intensity of 1.4), while in the tapentadol ER group, pain relief was maintained, as indicated by the change in pain intensity value of 0.0. the mean difference between the tapentadol ER and placebo groups in the change in average pain intensity was -1.3 on the 11-point NRS (95 percent CI; p<0.001, tapentadol ER vs. placebo). Researchers observed statistically significant differences in favor of tapentadol ER using all imputation methods.

In a secondary analysis, where rates of those who responded to treatment were calculated, 53.6 percent of patients receiving tapentadol ER and 42.2 percent of patients receiving placebo (p=0.017) experienced at least a 30 percent improvement in pain intensity measured from pre-titration to week 12 of the double-blind treatment period.

The patient’s global impression of change (PGIC) provided an additional secondary analysis where patients evaluated on a 7-point rating scale their overall status at the end of treatment relative to the beginning of trial treatment (NRS; 1=’very much improved,’ 7=’very much worse’). At the end of double-blind treatment, 64.4 percent of patients receiving tapentadol ER and 38.4 percent of patients receiving placebo reported that their overall status was ‘very much improved’ or ‘much improved’ (p<0.001) on the PGIC.

In addition, from the start to the end of the open-label titration phase, 60.5 percent (356/588) of patients reported at least a 30 percent improvement in pain intensity.

This phase III, randomized-withdrawal trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of tapentadol ER for relieving painful DPN versus placebo in 588 patients. Patients had at least a 3-month history of opioid and/or non-opioid analgesic use for DPN, dissatisfaction with current treatment, and an average pain intensity score of at least 5 on the 11-point NRS.

The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) during the open-label phase were nausea (21.4 percent), dizziness (15.8), somnolence (15.1), constipation (10.7), vomiting (8.0), headache (7.8), fatigue (7.0) and pruritus (6.6). in the double-blind period with tapentadol ER, the most common TEAEs that occurred included nausea (13.8 percent), anxiety (9.2), diarrhea (8.2), and dizziness (7.7). during the double-blind treatment period, the overall incidence of TEAEs was similar for male and female patients who received tapentadol ER and the overall incidence of TEAEs was likewise similar for patients under 65 years of age and over 65 years of age who received tapentadol ER during double-blind treatment.

The safety profile of tapentadol ER in this study, especially the incidence of nausea, vomiting, and constipation during the open-label phase, was similar to previous findings from other phase III, randomized, double-blind efficacy and safety trials of tapentadol ER for nociceptive pain, including chronic low back and osteoarthritic pain. also in the current study, the mean percentage of days on treatment with tapentadol ER that patients experienced nausea, vomiting, and constipation, respectively, was relatively low in both the open-label (8.8, 2.2 and 5.4 percent) and, particularly, in the double-blind (2.9, 1.0 and 1.9 percent) phases.

Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C. (J&JPRD) and Grunenthal GmbH, conducted this study, which J&JPRD has included as part of its new Drug Application (NDA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for tapentadol ER tablets for the management of moderate to severe chronic pain in patients 18 years of age or older. the FDA currently is reviewing this application and, if approved, PriCara®, Division of Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, inc., will market tapentadol ER in the United States.

About tapentadol

Tapentadol is a centrally acting oral analgesic that binds to mu-opioid receptors and inhibits norepinephrine re-uptake. Although the exact mechanism of action is not known, these two mechanisms, which affect established pain pathways, are thought to be responsible for pain relief with tapentadol. the tapentadol molecule is classified as Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act.

NUCYNTA® (tapentadol immediate release) was approved by the FDA on November 20, 2008, and is available by prescription only for the relief of moderate to severe acute pain in patients 18 years of age or older. On December 1, 2009, J&JPRD submitted its new Drug Application (NDA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for tapentadol extended release (ER) tablets for the management of moderate to severe chronic pain in patients 18 years of age or older [jnj.com/connect/news/product/20091201_200000]. the tapentadol ER tablet formulation is designed to provide a high degree of mechanical resistance, such as to crushing or chewing. the NDA filing is part of the ongoing commitment of J&JPRD and PriCara® to bring new and innovative products to patients and physicians for the treatment and management of pain.

In October 2010, J&JPRD announced it had received a Complete Response letter from the FDA regarding its NDA for tapentadol extended release tablets [jnj.com/connect/news/product/FDA-Issues-Complete-Response-Letter-to-Johnson-and-Johnson-Pharmaceutical-Research-Development-Regarding-New-Drug-Application-for-Tapentadol-Extended-Release]. J&JPRD is working to address the FDA’s requests as quickly as possible. no new clinical studies were requested by the agency.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR NUCYNTA® (tapentadol immediate release)

Contraindications

Like other drugs with mu-opioid agonist activity, NUCYNTA® is contraindicated in patients with significant respiratory depression, acute or severe bronchial asthma or hypercapnia in unmonitored settings or in the absence of resuscitative equipment. NUCYNTA® is contraindicated in patients who have or are suspected to have paralytic ileus. NUCYNTA® is also contraindicated in patients currently using or within 14 days of using monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to potential additive effects on norepinephrine levels, which may result in adverse cardiovascular events.

Warnings & Precautions

Respiratory depression is the primary risk of mu-opioid agonists. Respiratory depression occurs more frequently in elderly or debilitated patients and in those suffering from conditions accompanied by hypoxia, hypercapnia, or upper airway obstruction, in whom even moderate therapeutic doses may significantly decrease pulmonary ventilation. NUCYNTA® should be administered with caution to the elderly, debilitated patients, and patients with conditions accompanied by hypoxia, hypercapnia or decreased respiratory reserve such as: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cor pulmonale, severe obesity, sleep apnea syndrome, myxedema, kyphoscoliosis, CNS depression, or coma. in such patients, even usual therapeutic doses of NUCYNTA® may increase airway resistance and decrease respiratory drive to the point of apnea. Alternative non-mu-opioid agonist analgesics should be considered and NUCYNTA® should be employed only under careful medical supervision at the lowest effective dose in such patients. If respiratory depression occurs, it should be treated as any mu-opioid agonist-induced respiratory depression.

Patients receiving other mu-opioid agonist analgesics, general anesthetics, phenothiazines, other tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with NUCYNTA® may exhibit additive CNS depression. Interactive effects resulting in respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma or death may result if these drugs are taken in combination with NUCYNTA®. when such combined therapy is contemplated, a dose reduction of one or both agents should be considered.

Opioid analgesics can raise cerebrospinal fluid pressure as a result of respiratory depression with carbon dioxide retention. Therefore, NUCYNTA® should not be used in patients susceptible to the effects of raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure such as those with head injury and increased intracranial pressure. Opioid analgesics may obscure the clinical course of patients with head injury due to effects on pupillary response and consciousness. NUCYNTA® should be used with caution in patients with head injury, intracranial lesions, or other sources of preexisting increased intracranial pressure.

NUCYNTA® is a mu-opioid agonist and is a Schedule II controlled substance. such drugs are sought by drug abusers and people with addiction disorders. Diversion of Schedule II products is an act subject to criminal penalty. NUCYNTA® can be abused in a manner similar to other mu-opioid agonists, legal or illicit. this should be considered when prescribing or dispensing NUCYNTA® in situations where the physician or pharmacist is concerned about an increased risk of misuse and abuse. all patients treated with mu-opioid agonists require careful monitoring for signs of abuse and addiction. NUCYNTA® may be abused by crushing, chewing, snorting or injecting the product. these practices pose a significant risk to the abuser that could result in overdose and death.

Experience with NUCYNTA® overdose is very limited. Management of overdose should be focused on treating symptoms of mu-opioid agonism. Primary attention should be given to reestablishment of a patent airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation when overdose of NUCYNTA® is suspected. Supportive measures (including oxygen and vasopressors) should be employed in the management of circulatory shock and pulmonary edema accompanying overdose as indicated. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias may require cardiac massage or defibrillation.

Patients should be cautioned that NUCYNTA® may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery. this is to be expected especially at the beginning of treatment, at any change of dosage as well as in combination with alcohol or tranquilizers.

NUCYNTA® has not been systematically evaluated in patients with a seizure disorder, and such patients were excluded from clinical studies. NUCYNTA® should be prescribed with care in patients with a history of a seizure disorder or any condition that would put the patient at risk of seizures.

The development of a potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome may occur with use of SNRI products, including NUCYNTA®, particularly with concomitant use of serotonergic drugs such as SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs and triptans, and with drugs which impair metabolism of serotonin (including MAOIs). Serotonin syndrome may include mental-status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, hyperthermia), neuromuscular aberrations (e.g., hyperreflexia, incoordination) and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).

Withdrawal symptoms may occur if NUCYNTA® is discontinued abruptly. these symptoms may include: anxiety, sweating, insomnia, rigors, pain, nausea, tremors, diarrhea, upper respiratory symptoms, piloerection, and rarely, hallucinations. Withdrawal symptoms may be reduced by tapering NUCYNTA®.

Pregnancy Category C. there are no adequate and well-controlled studies of NUCYNTA® in pregnant women. NUCYNTA® should be used during pregnancy ONLY if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. NUCYNTA® is not recommended for use in women during and immediately prior to labor and delivery. Neonates whose mothers have been taking NUCYNTA® should be monitored for respiratory depression. NUCYNTA® should not be used during breastfeeding.

NUCYNTA® is not recommended in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment. NUCYNTA® should be used with caution in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. like other drugs with mu-opioid agonist activity, NUCYNTA® may cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and should be used with caution in patients with biliary tract disease, including acute pancreatitis.

Adverse Events

The most common adverse events are nausea, dizziness, vomiting, somnolence and headache. To see the NUCYNTA® full prescribing information, go to nucynta.com/nucynta/assets/Nucynta-PI.pdf.

PriCara®, Division of Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, inc.

PriCara®, Division of Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, inc., is a major health care company in the United States dedicated to the needs of primary care providers who serve a vital role on the frontline of medicine. for more information about the company, please visit PriCara.com.

Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.

Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., (J&JPRD) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, the world’s most broadly-based producer of health care products. J&JPRD is headquartered in Raritan, N.J., and has facilities throughout Europe, the United States and Asia. J&JPRD is leveraging drug discovery and drug development in a variety of therapeutic areas, including CNS, Internal Medicine and Oncology, to address unmet medical needs worldwide. more information can be found at jnjpharmarnd.com.

Media inquiries: Jeff Christensen +1 908-927-3581 Investor Relations inquiries: Stan Panasewicz +1 732-524-2524

SOURCE Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.

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January 15, 2011 in Features Peter H. Gott, M.D., United Media the Spokesman-Review

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DEAR DR. GOTT: I am disabled with extensive nerve damage from liver failure. I have a lot of problems. Just in the past few months, I’ve had spells where I yawn constantly. the problem usually starts shortly after I wake up, but it also happens later in the day. they aren’t wimpy little yawns, either, but those that start in your toes and gather momentum as they head north. by the time they reach my head, my mouth is wide open and I’m stretching my jaw as far as I can. this may go on for hours and simply wears me out, not to mention that it kinda hurts. Any ideas?

DEAR READER: unless performed intentionally, yawning is an involuntary action involving many body parts. the mouth opens, the jaw drops, abdominal muscles flex, lungs expand, the diaphragm is pushed down, heart rate increases, and muscles and joints flex. the process is reversed as we force that air back out of the mouth. People of every age – even an 11-week-old fetus will yawn. And when we see someone do just that, we will likely follow along. To even read about the topic in my column will likely cause a person to yawn.

Excessive yawning can be caused by a vasovagal reaction on the blood vessels and could indicate a cardiac problem, sleep apnea or excessive daytime fatigue. Because of this, you should address the subject with your doctor or cardiologist. Yawning doesn’t reflect boredom, as proven by athletes who will yawn prior to running a race or entering a swim meet. Therefore, I recommend you make that appointment so you can get to the bottom of the problem.

To provide related information, I am sending you a copy of my Health Report “Sleep Wake Disorders.” Other readers who would like a copy should send a self-addressed stamped no. 10 envelope and a $2 check or money order payable to Newsletter and mailed to Newsletter, P.O. Box 167, Wickliffe, OH 44092-0167. be sure to mention the title.

DEAR DR. GOTT: Is there any cure for scleroderma?

DEAR READER: the localized form of scleroderma affects only the skin, while systemic scleroderma damages the heart, lungs, kidneys and digestive system. Symptoms and treatment vary, depending on the type.

Localized scleroderma can resolve on its own, systemic cannot, but a variety of medications is available to reduce the intensity of pain and help control symptoms. some drugs can dilate blood vessels, possibly reducing the severity of symptoms of conditions such as Raynaud’s disease and kidney and lung abnormalities. Physical therapists can help a patient work toward methods to manage pain, improve mobility, and increase strength. the appearance of skin lesions can be helped through ultraviolet-light exposure or laser surgery.

On the home front, a person should remain active, protect the skin from cold, discontinue smoking, and refrain from eating foods that contribute to heartburn or gas. Walking, yoga or tai chi might be to your liking. should Raynaud’s be present, remember to protect your hands at all times, such as by wearing gloves when placing foods in or taking them out of the freezer, or when hanging clothes on the line to dry.

I have a question, does anyone know the name of the nerve in you stomach that can cause heart symptoms?

Across the world, millions of people are affected by weak bladder problems. It is an embarrassing condition that causes a discharge or passing of urine even before the people can make it to the bathroom. In this article there are natural cures and remedies for a weak bladder.

Weakness of Bladder is caused by childbirth, menopause and natural aging. Urine leakage is not a disease and is a medical problem that can be treated. People follow natural alternatives to strengthen the weak bladder.

Bladder weakness is of two types, stress incontinence and urge incontinence. Stress incontinence is occurred due to weak bladder muscles in the pelvic region. Extra pressure exerted while coughing, laughing, exercising, or sneezing is not handled by weak bladder muscles and cause incontinence. In urge incontinence the person first has a strong urge to urinate, followed by urine leak. the person may wake up in the middle of the night to urinate, urinate more than eight times a day, or have urge urinary incontinence due to an incapability to make it to the lavatory in time due to the unexpected strong urge that cannot be delayed. Urge incontinence from nerve damage mostly occurs from diabetes, strokes or other medical conditions.

Symptoms of Weak Bladder:

• Frequent involuntary urination
• Urine leakage on coughing, laughing, sneezing or exercising
• Sensation of pelvic pressure
• Small amounts of blood in urine (cystitis)
• Stinging sensation while urinating (cystitis)

Natural cure for a Weak Bladder

Diet: Some changes in the diet can strengthen the bladder and decrease frequent urination. Drinking water on a regular basis is very important. It keeps the bladder working and dilutes the urine to inhibit growth of bacteria. because of the partial emptying of the bladder people with incontinence are prone to urinary tract infections. Intake of alcohol, carbonated drinks, caffeine, highly acidic foods and sugary drinks should be reduced as they contribute to frequent urges and some promote the growth of bacteria.

Exercises: Exercises to fortify the pelvic floor frequently assist with bladder control. Kegel exercises can be done at anyplace and they are helpful. try to stop the flow during urination. People identify the right muscle group if they are able to stop the flow of urine by tightening the pelvis. To really strengthen the bladder about 100 kegels per day must be done. Overdoing kegels can actually weaken the bladder in the short-term and make incontinence worse, especially when first starting.

Herbs: some herbs can strengthen the bladder by working on the force of bladder contractions, toning the muscles or strengthening the sphincter. Bladder muscles and the bladder sphincter are strengthen by saw palmetto. It is useful for men and women, but men have extra advantage of defense from prostate cancer. Cranberry is a diuretic, but contributing to fewer require to urinate overall it can help the bladder empty faster. Corn silk decrease bacterial growth and makes the bladder empty better. Cranberry and corn silk are often sold together. Buchu empties the bladder and inhibits bacteria. Horsetail is both a diuretic and a muscle toner.

Home remedies for a Weak Bladder:

Uva Ursi: A chemical, arbutin that present in uva ursi has antiseptic and analgesic properties and so it helps in clearing the urinary tract of bacteria. It also has diuretic effects that reduce the accumulation of uric acid. for bladder infections and to relieve the pain of urinary stones or gravel, uva ursi has been used by herbalists.

Cleavers: This is plant commonly grows in Europe, the Middle East, and the United States. Many naturopathic doctors suggest it for incontinence because of its anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. It consists of organic acids, flavonoids, tannins, fatty acids, and other natural ingredients.

Bromelain:Bromelain is derived from the pineapple plant. It has anti-inflammatory properties. So it may have a healing effect on bladder inflammation related to urinary tract infections or other inflammatory urinary conditions.

Cranberry: Cranberry juice, extract or pill supplements are known to flush out the bacteria causing a bladder infection.

Goldenrod: Goldenrod is often used to treat urinary tract infections, inflammation, cystitis, kidney infections and bladder spasms. the herb acts as a natural diuretic and also has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects.

Lemon: Add a teaspoon of lemon juice to 180 ml of boiling water. allow the mixture to cool and sip 60 ml of this concoction every two hours, starting at 8 am and ending at noon. this remedy has been known to collapse the burning sensation, as well as cease the bleeding associated with cystitis.

Butterbur: Butterbur can ease bladder spasms. Butterbur is a natural pain reliever and has petasin, a compound that offers antispasmodic properties. It is obtainable in the form of capsule.

Sandalwood Oil: Sandalwood oil has been known to act as a great remedy. take five drops of the oil during the onset of the infection, eventually working the way up to 10-30 drops.

Yarrow: Yarrow has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Yarrow stops bleeding, tones the urinary tract and offers pain-relieving benefits while diminishing bladder spasms. It can be consumed as a tea.

Hot Water: The pain can be eased when immersing the pelvis in hot water.

Drumstick Flowers: A teaspoon of the fresh juice from drumstick flowers coupled with ½ a glass of coconut water is a great herbal remedy. this remedy should be taken twice per day.

Radish Leaves: Consuming one cup of radish leaf juice for two weeks helps to treat a bladder infection.

Spinach: Mix equal parts of fresh spinach juice with coconut water (about 100 ml each) to treat cystitis. It is the nitrates and potassium within these ingredients that create an effective and safe diuretic.

Cold Compresses: To relieve the congestion within the pelvic area, apply cold compresses to the stomach.

Other remedies:

Video of UTI causes and cures from youtube:

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