Hello
Nearly 5,000 people are diagnosed with mouth (oral) cancer every year in the UK. Most of these people are over the age of 40, and it affects more men than women. in recent years there has been a rise in the number of people affected in the UK. I had a funny sore on my tongue that would not heal, so went to my dentists and he checked it out and luckily it was just a blocked Saliva Gland. Check your mouth for any changes and sores that do not heal.

There are several types of oral cancers, but around 90% are squamous cell carcinomas, originating in the tissues that line the mouth and lips. Oral or mouth cancer most commonly involves the tongue. it may also occur on the floor of the mouth, cheek lining, gingiva (gums), lips, or palate (roof of the mouth). Most oral cancers look very similar under the microscope and are called squamous cell carcinoma. these are malignant and tend to spread rapidly.

Lip cancer is most treatable and curable if caught in the earliest stages of the disease. Untreated and/or advanced lip cancer can spread into the deeper tissues of the mouth and neck. in advanced stages, lip cancer can spread through the lymph nodes and blood to other parts of the body where the cancer cells can form another cancerous tumor. This is called metastasis. Lip cancer can be caused by smoking, heavy drinking and the Human Papillomavirus and sun exposure.

Symptoms of mouth cancer

Most people with mouth cancer have no early symptoms at all, but others may have:

* an ulcer in the mouth or on the lip that won't heal
* constant pain or soreness
* red or white patches in the mouth
* a lump on the lip, tongue or in the neck or throat
* bad breath
* unexplained bleeding in the mouth
* numbness in the mouth
* loose teeth
* Pain when chewing or swallowing
* a feeling that something is caught in the throat
* Loose teeth or dentures feeling uncomfortable and not fitting properly
* a change in your voice or speech problems
* Weight loss
* a lump in the neck
* usually small ulcer or lump
* normally pale coloured but maybe dark
*burning sensation
* a persistent pain in the neck
* a hoarse voice
* unusual changes in your sense of taste
* earache
* the lymph nodes (glands) in your neck become swollen

White or red patches can be signs of pre-malignancy. Pre-malignant cells are abnormal, but they are not yet cancer. if left untreated, pre-malignancy can go on to develop into cancer. But if you get the condition treated, you can prevent a cancer from developing. also have regular dental checks as they check for problems during each visit.
These symptoms aren't always caused by mouth cancer but if you have them, visit your GP or dentist.

Alcohol and smoking are the main causes for most oral cancers. also the Human papillomavirus and eating a diet high in meat and fatty foods and sun exposure( lip cancers)

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_cancer

Hope that helps

The symptoms of lip/mouth cancer can be a sore or lesion on the lips and mouth, sometimes which does not heal and has discharges. these lesion can bleed easily. sometimes there may also be a thickening or discolored lump on the lips and inside or angle of the mouth.sometimes it may be a mere discoloured patchy area.

Lip cancer is the most common form of the oral cancer. People dealing more with the sun are most likely to develop sun cancer. even a small damage by the sun can turn into lip cancer. Cancer which affects the tissues of the lip is known as lip cancer.

The growth of the cells becomes uncontrollable due to lip cancer. They grow and divide in an abnormal manner. Lip cancer can spread to other parts of the face too because all the nerves of the face are interconnected to each other. it can spread through the blood stream. Women are more exposed to the lip cancer than men. Lip cancer is more common among older people having age above 45 years. The cancer that develops in the flat cells of the lips, mouth and the tongue is known as squamous cell carcinomas. Lip cancer is also known as oral cancer.

The most important lip cancer symptom is the presence of a lump on the lip. The lump may be painless or may cause pain sometimes. any sore may appear on the lip or inside the mouth which doesn.t heal at all.

Cancer of the Mouth:

The oral cavity (mouth) and the upper part of the throat (pharynx) have roles in many important functions, including breathing, talking, chewing, and swallowing. The mouth and upper throat are sometimes referred to as the oropharynx.

There are certain symptoms by which mouth cancer can be identified. Basically there are two common symptoms of mouth cancer.

* more than 80 percent of the people diagnosed with mouth cancer had an ulcer in the mouth that did not heal.
* and a discomfort, burning or pain in the mouth that is persistent.

There are other symptoms as well. these are listed below:

* Patches that are red or white in the mouth or the throat region that refuse to go.
* a lump in the mouth or throat or a thickening in the lip.
* Swallowing becomes difficult because of discomfort or pain.
* Throat irritation or sensation of something being stuck.
* Random bleeding and numbness in the mouth.
* Teeth start falling for no particular reason.
* Jaw becomes tight and difficult to move.
* Problems in talking and speech.
* Unusual node or lump in the neck.
* Sudden weight loss.
* Bad breath, which is a condition, called halitosis

lesions, bad breath, discharges present, discolorations that are yucky to look at, pain, symptoms like that.

Public release date: 10-Jan-2011 [ | E-mail | Share ] Contact: Karen Journal of Clinical Investigation

EDITOR’S PICK Cancer cell survival is not miR-ly dependent on p53

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of skin cancer and remains one of the most resistant to available chemotherapies. many cancer therapeutic strategies are directed at restoring the function of the tumor suppressor gene p53, because when active, cells are more sensitive to the DNA damage induced by chemotherapy. other proteins related to p53, including p63 and p73, have also been implicated in cancer and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. Both p63 and p73 are overexpressed in SCC, and are thought to play a role in chemoresistance. in new research, Leif Ellisen and colleagues at Mass General Hospital in Boston investigated the relationship between p63 and p73 in human and mouse SCC cells. They found that p63 negatively regulates the expression of a number of microRNAs (miRs), and that some of these miRs target p73 for inhibition. one of these, dubbed miR-193a, was also positively regulated by p73, suggesting a feedback loop that might promote chemoresistance in these cells. in a mouse model of SCC, the researchers found that inhibiting miR-193a decreased tumor growth and made the cells more sensitive to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. The researchers believe that these findings identify a pro-survival mechanism in SCC, and may highlight new therapeutic targets in the fight against cancer.

TITLE: a microRNA-dependent program controls p53-independent survival and chemosensitivity in human and murine squamous cell carcinoma

AUTHOR CONTACT: Leif Ellisen Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA Phone: (617)726-4315; Fax: (617)726-8623; E-mail: harvard.edu

View this article at: jci.org/articles/view/43897?key=34ca4a64f929de6d5fea

EDITOR’S PICK Transforming skin cells into cartilage

Hyaline cartilage, composed primarily of chondrocytes in an extensive extracellular matrix, makes up the embryonic skeleton and persists in adults at the ends of bones, where it provides shock absorption and lubrication of joints. Hyaline cartilage injury often results in the formation of the scar tissue fibrocartilage or even new bone formation leading to growth impairment or osteoarthritis. however, regeneration of cartilage might be possible if researchers can develop a method to generate new chondrocytes. in this paper, Noriyuki Tsumaki and his team at the Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, used fibroblasts isolated from adult mouse skin, and expressed proteins that have previously been used to induce pluripotency along with a factor that promotes a chondrocyte fate. This produced cells with traits that resembled chondrocytes and produced cartilage when injected into mice. The researchers believe this may be an important step toward a therapy that will allow the repair of cartilage injury using a patient’s own skin cells.

TITLE: Generation of hyaline cartilaginous tissue from mouse adult dermal fibroblast culture by defined factors

AUTHOR CONTACT: Noriyuki Tsumaki Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, UNK, JPN Phone: +81-6-6879-3552; Fax: +81-6-6879-3559; E-mail: osaka-u.ac.jp

View this article at: jci.org/articles/view/44605?key=631d5aff983c237cf1dc

METABOLISM Glucose homeostasis: the collagen connection

Collagen is the major component of connective tissue, and is made up of three peptide chains (subunits) twisted together to generate fibers with strength and flexibility. Collagen V usually consists of α1(V)2α2(V) subunits, but also occurs in some tissues such as white adipose, pancreatic islets, and skeletal muscle as the poorly characterized α1(V) α2(V) α3(V) heterotrimer. in this paper, Daniel Greenspan and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, generated mice that lacked the gene that codes for α3(V). These mice had reduced dermal fat but developed diabetes-like symptoms, exhibiting glucose intolerance, decreased numbers of pancreatic islets, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. The authors believe that these results show that collagen and connective tissue are critical in the proper function of cells that control metabolism, including pancreatic islets, fat cells, and skeletal muscle.

TITLE: α3(V) Collagen is critical for glucose homeostasis in mice due to effects in pancreatic islets and peripheral tissues

AUTHOR CONTACT: Daniel Greenspan University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Phone: 608 262-4676; Fax: 608 262-6691; E-mail:

View this article at: jci.org/articles/view/45096?key=e03bb108c3b2db4ece1d

ONCOLOGY a new method for detecting cancer cells

Detecting and quantifying the cancer cells that remain after treatment or that have migrated to new malignant sites is a powerful predictor of patient survival. however, there are few diagnostic strategies that allow the identification of small numbers of these cancer cells, particularly in patients with solid tumors. in this paper, Axel Weber, Holger Christiansen and colleagues at the Children’s Hospital in Lepzig, Germany, addressed this problem by taking advantage of the unique molecular signatures within the cancer cells: characteristic duplications of genomic regions called amplicons. The group used Human neuroblastoma cells with a known amplification of the MYCN locus, and developed a strategy to identify those amplicons in cancer cells within a mixed population. They have thus developed a tool that might be adapted to other cancers to specifically and sensitively detect tumor cells remnant in the bone marrow, blood, or other sites after treatment.

TITLE: Detection of human tumor cells by amplicon fusion site polymerase chain reaction (AFS-PCR)

AUTHOR CONTACT: Axel Weber Children?s Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, , DEU Phone: 0049 163 3793237; Fax: ; E-mail: -leipzig.de

View this article at: jci.org/articles/view/44415?key=125ee2993c1c124f1e48

STEM CELLS Turning unfertilized eggs into stem cells

It is hoped that individuals with inherited disorders such as β-thalassemia, which is caused by mutations in the beta-globin gene, might one day be cured by gene therapy and/or stem cell?based therapeutics. however, there are many obstacles preventing routine clincal use of such approaches. in this paper, John McLaughlin and his team at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, OH have shown that they can overcome some of these hurdles and treat mice with β-thalassemia caused by dominant inheritance of disease-causing mutations. They harvested unfertilized oocytes from affected female mice and used them to generate diploid uniparental zygotes, then alloweded them to develop to the blastocyst stage and derived ES cell lines. Selection of ES cell lines lacking the disease allele provided a source of genetically corrected autologous stem cells that had not been genetically manipulated. These ES cell lines were differentiated in vitro into hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells, which were transplanted into mice with dominantly inherited β-thalassemia, leading to long-term reversion of the disease phenotype. The authors therefore suggest that their genetic correction strategy could potentially be applicable to any dominantly inherited disease. however, several obstacles to clinical use remain that are problematic for all human ES cells, including developing ways to efficiently differentiate the cells into transplantable tissue.

TITLE: Gene therapy by allele selection in a mouse model for beta-thalassemia

AUTHOR CONTACT: John McLaughlin Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA Phone: 614 355 3639; Fax: ; E-mail:

View this article at: jci.org/articles/view/45377?key=5b3c6bee1d4d99ebb498

HEPATOLOGY Waste removal by the liver protects the kidney

in every tissue in the body, homeostasis requires constant breakdown of large biological molecules, and this breakdown process can generate toxic waste products. Waste can be cleared by specialized liver cells called liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) that express receptors on their surface to specifically bind to circulating factors and mediate their endocytosis. two of these LSEC receptors, Stabilin-1 and Stabilin-2, have been shown to bind to a number of ligands, but their exact function remains unknown.

In this paper, Cyrill G?raud and his team at the University Medical Center in Mannheim, Germany investigated the roles and functions of Stabilin 1 and 2 by genetically engineering mice that lacked these genes. Mice lacking either one of the genes were normal, but mice lacking both Stabilin 1 and 2 developed kidney dysfunction and liver fibrosis and died prematurely. These findings suggest that Stabilin 1 and 2 are required for normal clearance of one or more circulating factors and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.

TITLE: Deficiency of liver sinusoidal scavenger receptors stabilin-1 and -2 in mice causes glomerulofibrotic nephropathy via impaired hepatic clearance of noxious blood factors

AUTHOR CONTACT: Cyrill G?raud Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical, Mannheim, UNK, DEU Phone: 00496213832048; Fax: ; E-mail:

View this article at: jci.org/articles/view/44740?key=a71e78d65959c8a8bbf3

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bubble has know a hollow organ in the lower abdomen to the pelvic area that stores urine from the kidney. Bladder cancer is the most common forms of cancer seen in the elderly. the men will be infected by this tumor more than women. Studies indicate that the ratio of men to infect 1:30 is sufficient, while for women the ratio 1: 90

bladder cancer can be benign or limited to the inner wall of the bladder, or it can be with malignant spread of the muscular portion of the bladder. Bladder cancer is said, has spread through the lymphatic and blood cells to other parts of the body, infected, and more. Transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma: Bladder cancer can be divided into three different categories. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common form of bladder cancer and almost 90% of people with bladder cancer have this type of cancer

causes. there are several factors that lead to this type of cancer. first, it is because of his age more than one person. secondly, people with excessive consumption of fried meat and animal fats in the diet, a greater risk for this form of less cancer. Smoking increases the risk of bladder cancer. then there are too many chemicals, cancer of the bladder.

people working in industries that are with aromatic amines sick of this common problem. in addition to persons in the leather industry, paint, textiles, rubber, hair dye and painting in danger. there are others who consume below the weight loss program, a Chinese herb called Aristolochia fangchi “which is allegedly the cause of bladder cancer.

There are other causes, as when a person has a urinary tract infection for a long period of suffering, then it is too susceptible to this tumor. Hereditary factors can not be ignored

symptoms. bladder cancer has no unusual symptoms . Infact, the symptoms are very similar to a urinary tract infection. the most important symptom is blood in the urine. then there is to see other things, urinating like a burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination, urgency, every half hour, but the amount of the urine to come is much lower.

Although these symptoms are not very typical for bladder cancer, nor should we go to a urologist with any type of cystitis. but in the Bladder cancer symptoms are not apparent until a later stage of infection. This is very risky because it is known that all tumors are difficult to heal at an advanced stage.

After the presence of the tumor was established, it is important to go for treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy or biological therapy as soon as possible. However, the duration of treatment depends on tumor type, age and health of the person . bladder cancer, it is known that it later reproduce. people who should suffer from frequent urinary tract infections or a history of bladder cancer are regular screening for early detection of cancer.