- Demonstrates early delays in learning to speak
- Has difficulty modulating voice (e.g., too soft, too loud)
- Has trouble naming people or objects
- Has difficulty staying on topic
- Inserts invented words into conversation
- Has difficulty re-telling what has just been said
- Uses vague, imprecise language and has a limited vocabulary
- Confuses similar-looking letters and numbers
- Has difficulty recognizing and remembering sight words
- Frequently loses place while reading
- Confuses similar-looking words (e.g., beard/bread)
- Reverses letter order in words (e.g., saw/was)
- Demonstrates poor memory for printed words
- Has weak comprehension of ideas and themes
- Has significant trouble learning to read
- Has trouble naming letters
- Has problems associating letter and sounds, understanding the difference between sounds in words or blending sounds into words
- Guesses at unfamiliar words rather than using word analysis skills
- Reads slowly
- Substitutes or leaves out words while reading
- Has poor retention of new vocabulary
- Dislikes and avoids reading or reads reluctantly
- Expresses written ideas in a disorganized way